User:Gilgamesh~enwiktionary/Tengwar Classical Mode
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This work-in-progress is a reference for the classical mode of tengwar writing. It is used to write Quenya.
Tables[edit]
- Translit: Transliteration in Latin script, especially that used by Tolkien.
- Dan Smith: Encoding used in Dan Smith's tengwar fonts and copied by the vast majority of other tengwar fonts since made. It is based on the Windows-1252 code page, substituting its tengwar and tehtar for the characters in those ranges.
- CUR: Encoding based on the proposal for encoding tengwar in the ConScript Unicode Registry at range UxE000-UxE07F. This is more Unicode-friendly, but most fonts do not support it. A notable exception is Code2000.
Vanyañoldorin[edit]
Voiceless plosives[edit]
| Translit | Dan Smith | CUR | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| t, ta | 1 | 1 | | t can occur word-initially or word-finally. |
| ta, tá | 1E | 1E | | |
| te | 1R | 1R | | |
| té | 1RV | 1RV | | |
| ti | 1T | 1T | | |
| tí | 1TB | 1TB | | |
| to | 1Y | 1Y | | |
| tó | 1YN | 1YN | | |
| tu | 1U | 1U | | |
| tú | 1UM | 1UM | | |
| tt, tta | 1; | 1; | | |
| tta, ttá | 1;E | 1;E | | |
| tte | 1;R | 1;R | | |
| tté | 1;RV | 1;RV | | |
| tti | 1;T | 1;T | | |
| ttí | 1;TB | 1;TB | | |
| tto | 1;Y | 1;Y | | |
| ttó | 1;YN | 1;YN | | |
| ttu | 1;U | 1;U | | |
| ttú | 1;UM | 1;UM | | |
| ty, tya | 1Î | 1Î | | ty can occur word-initially. Can be pronounced /tʲ/, /c/ or /tɕ/. There is no separate cy sequence in Quenya. |
| tya, tyá | 1ÎE | 1ÎE | | |
| tye | 1ÎR | 1ÎR | | |
| tyé | 1ÎRV | 1ÎRV | | |
| tyo | 1ÎY | 1ÎY | | |
| tyó | 1ÎYN | 1ÎYN | | |
| tyu | 1ÎU | 1ÎU | | |
| tyú | 1ÎUM | 1ÎUM | | |
| ts, tsa | 1+ | 1+ | | |
| tsa, tsá | 1E+ | 1E+ | | |
| tse | 1R+ | 1R+ | | |
| tsé | 1RV+ | 1RV+ | | |
| tsi | 1T+ | 1T+ | | |
| tsí | 1TB+ | 1TB+ | | |
| tso | 1Y+ | 1Y+ | | |
| tsó | 1YN+ | 1YN+ | | |
| tsu | 1U+ | 1U+ | | |
| tsú | 1UM+ | 1UM+ | | |
| p, pa | q | q | | p can occur word-initially. |
| pa, pá | qE | qE | | |
| pe | qR | qR | | |
| pé | qRV | qRV | | |
| pi | qT | qT | | |
| pí | qTB | qTB | | |
| po | qY | qY | | |
| pó | qYN | qYN | | |
| pu | qU | qU | | |
| pú | qUM | qUM | | |
| pp, ppa | q; | q; | | |
| ppa, ppá | q;E | q;E | | |
| ppe | q;R | q;R | | |
| ppé | q;RV | q;RV | | |
| ppi | q;T | q;T | | |
| ppí | q;TB | q;TB | | |
| ppo | q;Y | q;Y | | |
| ppó | q;YN | q;YN | | |
| ppu | q;U | q;U | | |
| ppú | q;UM | q;UM | | |
| ps, psa | q+ | q+ | | |
| psa, psá | qE+ | qE+ | | |
| pse | qR+ | qR+ | | |
| psé | qRV+ | qRV+ | | |
| psi | qT+ | qT+ | | |
| psí | qTB+ | qTB+ | | |
| pso | qY+ | qY+ | | |
| psó | qYN+ | qYN+ | | |
| psu | qU+ | qU+ | | |
| psú | qUM+ | qUM+ | | |
| c, ca | a | a | | c can occur word-initially. Always pronounced /k/, never /s/. |
| ca, cá | aE | aE | | |
| ce | aR | aR | | |
| cé | aRV | aRV | | |
| ci | aT | aT | | |
| cí | aTB | aTB | | |
| co | aY | aY | | |
| có | aYN | aYN | | |
| cu | aU | aU | | |
| cú | aUM | aUM | | |
| cc, cca | a; | a; | | |
| cca, ccá | a;E | a;E | | |
| cce | a;R | a;R | | |
| ccé | a;RV | a;RV | | |
| cci | a;T | a;T | | |
| ccí | a;TB | a;TB | | |
| cco | a;Y | a;Y | | |
| ccó | a;YN | a;YN | | |
| ccu | a;U | a;U | | |
| ccú | a;UM | a;UM | | |
| x, xa | a| | a| | | x is phonologically cs. |
| xa, xá | a|E | a|E | | |
| xe | a|R | a|R | | |
| xé | a|RV | a|RV | | |
| xi | a|T | a|T | | |
| xí | a|TB | a|TB | | |
| xo | a|Y | a|Y | | |
| xó | a|YN | a|YN | | |
| xu | a|U | a|U | | |
| xú | a|UM | a|UM | | |
| qu, qua | z | z | | qu is phonologically cw. Can occur word-initially. It is pronounced /kʷ/ or /kw/. |
| qua, quá | zE | zE | | |
| que | zR | zR | | |
| qué | zRV | zRV | | |
| qui | zT | zT | | |
| quí | zTB | zTB | | |
| quo | zY | zY | | |
| quó | zYN | zYN | | |
Prenasalized voiced plosives[edit]
| Translit | Dan Smith | CUR | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nd, nda | 2 | 2 | | |
| nda, ndá | 2# | 2# | | |
| nde | 2$ | 2$ | | |
| ndé | 2$F | 2$F | | |
| ndi | 2% | 2% | | |
| ndí | 2%G | 2%G | | |
| ndo | 2^ | 2^ | | |
| ndó | 2^H | 2^H | | |
| ndu | 2& | 2& | | |
| ndú | 2&J | 2&J | | |
| ndy, ndya | 2Ì | 2Ì | | ndy is phonologically nydy. Can be pronounced /nʲdʲ/, /ɲɟ/ or /ndʑ/. There is no separate ngy sequence in Quenya. It is known that the Ñoldor abandon this sequence before leaving Aman, and they just respell it with the tengwa for ny. |
| ndya, ndyá | 2Ì# | 2Ì# | | |
| ndye | 2Ì$ | 2Ì$ | | |
| ndyé | 2Ì$F | 2Ì$F | | |
| ndyo | 2Ì^ | 2Ì^ | | |
| ndyó | 2Ì^H | 2Ì^H | | |
| ndyu | 2Ì& | 2Ì& | | |
| ndyú | 2Ì&J | 2Ì&J | | |
| mb, mba | w | w | | |
| mba, mbá | w# | w# | | |
| mbe | w$ | w$ | | |
| mbé | w$F | w$F | | |
| mbi | w% | w% | | |
| mbí | w%G | w%G | | |
| mbo | w^ | w^ | | |
| mbó | w^H | w^H | | |
| mbu | w& | w& | | |
| mbú | w&J | w&J | | |
| ng, nga | s | s | | ng is phonologically ñg. Always pronounced /ŋɡ/, never /ndʒ/ and never just /ŋ/. |
| nga, ngá | s# | s# | | |
| nge | s$ | s$ | | |
| ngé | s$F | s$F | | |
| ngi | s% | s% | | |
| ngí | s%G | s%G | | |
| ngo | s^ | s^ | | |
| ngó | s^H | s^H | | |
| ngu | s& | s& | | |
| ngú | s&J | s&J | | |
| ngw, ngwa | x | x | | ngw is phonologically ñwgw. Always pronounced /ŋʷɡʷ/ or /ŋɡw/, never just /ŋʷ/ or /ŋw/. |
| ngwa, ngwá | x# | x# | | |
| ngwe | x$ | x$ | | |
| ngwé | x$F | x$F | | |
| ngwi | x% | x% | | |
| ngwí | x%G | x%G | | |
| ngwo | x^ | x^ | | |
| ngwó | x^H | x^H | | |
Voiceless spirants[edit]
| Translit | Dan Smith | CUR | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| þ, s, þa, sa | 3 | 3 | | þ can occur word-initially. Originally pronounced /θ/. Ñoldor pronounce it /s/ since before they rebel against the Valar, but the old spelling remains. Middle-earth inherits the Ñoldorin pronunciation. |
| þa, sa, þá, sá | 3D | 3D | | |
| þe, se | 3F | 3F | | |
| þé, sé | 3RV | 3RV | | |
| þi, si | 3G | 3G | | |
| þí, sí | 3TB | 3TB | | |
| þo, so | 3H | 3H | | |
| þó, só | 3YN | 3YN | | |
| þu, su | 3J | 3J | | |
| þú, sú | 3UM | 3UM | | |
| þþ, ss, þþa, ssa | 3; | 3; | | |
| þþa, ssa, þþá, ssá | 3;D | 3;D | | |
| þþe, sse | 3;F | 3;F | | |
| þþé, ssé | 3;RV | 3;RV | | |
| þþi, ssi | 3;G | 3;G | | |
| þþí, ssí | 3;TB | 3;TB | | |
| þþo, sso | 3;H | 3;H | | |
| þþó, ssó | 3;YN | 3;YN | | |
| þþu, ssu | 3;J | 3;J | | |
| þþú, ssú | 3;UM | 3;UM | | |
| f, fa | e | e | | f can occur word-initially. Vanyar pronounce it /ɸ/. Ñoldor pronounce it /f/. Middle-earth inherits the Ñoldorin pronunciation. |
| fa, fá | eD | eD | | |
| fe | eF | eF | | |
| fé | eRV | eRV | | |
| fi | eG | eG | | |
| fí | eTB | eTB | | |
| fo | eH | eH | | |
| fó | eYN | eYN | | |
| fu | eJ | eJ | | |
| fú | eUM | eUM | | |
| h, ha | d | d | | h can occur word-initially. Vanyar pronounce it /x/. Ñoldor pronounce it the same way, but for them it no longer occurs initially, having been replaced with /h/ and spelled with a different tengwar letter (see Ñoldorin differences). Middle-earth inherits the Ñoldorin pronunciation. By the Third Age in Middle-earth, /x/ between vowels also becomes /h/. In any event, both sounds are transliterated h because they never actually contrast in Quenya. |
| ha, há | d# | d# | | |
| he | d$ | d$ | | |
| hé | d$F | d$F | | |
| hi | d% | d% | | |
| hí | d%G | d%G | | |
| ho | d^ | d^ | | |
| hó | d^H | d^H | | |
| hu | d& | d& | | |
| hú | d&J | d&J | | |
| hw, hwa | c | c | | hw can occur word-initially. Can be pronounced /ʍ/ or /hw/. |
| hwa, hwá | c# | c# | | |
| hwe | c$ | c$ | | |
| hwé | c$F | c$F | | |
| hwi | c% | c% | | |
| hwí | c%G | c%G | | |
| hwo | c^ | c^ | | |
| hwó | c^H | c^H | | |
Prenasalized voiceless plosives[edit]
| Translit | Dan Smith | CUR | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nt, nta | 4 | 4 | | |
| nta, ntá | 4# | 4# | | |
| nte | 4$ | 4$ | | |
| nté | 4$F | 4$F | | |
| nti | 4% | 4% | | |
| ntí | 4%G | 4%G | | |
| nto | 4^ | 4^ | | |
| ntó | 4^H | 4^H | | |
| ntu | 4& | 4& | | |
| ntú | 4&J | 4&J | | |
| nty, ntya | 4Ì | 4Ì | | nty is phonologically nyty. Can be pronounced /nʲtʲ/, /ɲc/ or /ntɕ/. There is no separate ncy sequence in Quenya. |
| ntya, ntyá | 4Ì# | 4Ì# | | |
| ntye | 4Ì$ | 4Ì$ | | |
| ntyé | 4Ì$F | 4Ì$F | | |
| ntyo | 4Ì^ | 4Ì^ | | |
| ntyó | 4Ì^H | 4Ì^H | | |
| ntyu | 4Ì& | 4Ì& | | |
| ntyú | 4Ì&J | 4Ì&J | | |
| mp, mpa | r | r | | |
| mpa, mpá | r# | r# | | |
| mpe | r$ | r$ | | |
| mpé | r$F | r$F | | |
| mpi | r% | r% | | |
| mpí | r%G | r%G | | |
| mpo | r^ | r^ | | |
| mpó | r^H | r^H | | |
| mpu | r& | r& | | |
| mpú | r&J | r&J | | |
| nc, nca | f | f | | nc is phonologically ñc. |
| nca, ncá | f# | f# | | |
| nce | f$ | f$ | | |
| ncé | f$F | f$F | | |
| nci | f% | f% | | |
| ncí | f%G | f%G | | |
| nco | f^ | f^ | | |
| ncó | f^H | f^H | | |
| ncu | f& | f& | | |
| ncú | f&J | f&J | | |
| nqu, nqua | v | v | | nqu is phonologically ñwcw. |
| nqua, nquá | v# | v# | | |
| nque | v$ | v$ | | |
| nqué | v$F | v$F | | |
| nqui | v% | v% | | |
| nquí | v%G | v%G | | |
| nquo | v^ | v^ | | |
| nquó | v^H | v^H | | |
Nasals[edit]
| Translit | Dan Smith | CUR | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n, na | 5 | 5 | | n can occur word-initially or word-finally. |
| na, ná | 5# | 5# | | |
| ne | 5$ | 5$ | | |
| né | 5$F | 5$F | | |
| ni | 5% | 5% | | |
| ní | 5%G | 5%G | | |
| no | 5^ | 5^ | | |
| nó | 5^H | 5^H | | |
| nu | 5& | 5& | | |
| nú | 5&J | 5&J | | |
| nn, nna | 5: | 5: | | |
| nna, nná | 5:# | 5:# | | |
| nne | 5:$ | 5:$ | | |
| nné | 5:$F | 5:$F | | |
| nni | 5:% | 5:% | | |
| nní | 5:%G | 5:%G | | |
| nno | 5:^ | 5:^ | | |
| nnó | 5:^H | 5:^H | | |
| nnu | 5:& | 5:& | | |
| nnú | 5:&J | 5:&J | | |
| ny, nya | 5Ì | 5Ì | | ny can occur word-initially. Can be pronounced /nʲ/, /ɲ/ or /nj/. There is no separate ñy sequence in Quenya. |
| nya, nyá | 5Ì# | 5Ì# | | |
| nye | 5Ì$ | 5Ì$ | | |
| nyé | 5Ì$F | 5Ì$F | | |
| nyo | 5Ì^ | 5Ì^ | | |
| nyó | 5Ì^H | 5Ì^H | | |
| nyu | 5Ì& | 5Ì& | | |
| nyú | 5Ì&J | 5Ì&J | | |
| m, ma | t | t | | m can occur word-initially. |
| ma, má | t# | t# | | |
| me | t$ | t$ | | |
| mé | t$F | t$F | | |
| mi | t% | t% | | |
| mí | t%G | t%G | | |
| mo | t^ | t^ | | |
| mó | t^H | t^H | | |
| mu | t& | t& | | |
| mú | t&J | t&J | | |
| mm, mma | t: | t: | | |
| mma, mmá | t:# | t:# | | |
| mme | t:$ | t:$ | | |
| mmé | t:$F | t:$F | | |
| mmi | t:% | t:% | | |
| mmí | t:%G | t:%G | | |
| mmo | t:^ | t:^ | | |
| mmó | t:^H | t:^H | | |
| mmu | t:& | t:& | | |
| mmú | t:&J | t:&J | | |
| my, mya | tÌ | tÌ | | my can be pronounced /mʲ/ or /mj/. |
| mya, myá | tÌ# | tÌ# | | |
| mye | tÌ$ | tÌ$ | | |
| myé | tÌ$F | tÌ$F | | |
| myo | tÌ^ | tÌ^ | | |
| myó | tÌ^H | tÌ^H | | |
| myu | tÌ& | tÌ& | | |
| myú | tÌ&J | tÌ&J | | |
| ñ, n, ña, na | g | g | | ñ can occur word-initially, and is pronounced /ŋ/. But after the Second Age in Middle-earth, it becomes pronounced /n/, but the old spelling remains. |
| ña, na, ñá, ná | g# | g# | | |
| ñe, ne | g$ | g$ | | |
| ñé | g$F | g$F | | |
| ñi, ni | g% | g% | | |
| ñí | g%G | g%G | | |
| ño, no | g^ | g^ | | |
| ñó | g^H | g^H | | |
| ñu, nu | g& | g& | | |
| ñú | g&J | g&J | | |
| ñw, nw, ñwa, nwa | b | b | | ñw can occur word-initially, and is pronounced /ŋʷ/ or /ŋw/. But after the Second Age in Middle-earth, it becomes pronounced /nʷ/ or /nw/, but the old spelling remains. |
| ñwa, nwa, ñwá, nwá | b# | b# | | |
| ñwe, nwe | b$ | b$ | | |
| ñwé, nwé | b$F | b$F | | |
| ñwi, nwi | b% | b% | | |
| ñwí, nwí | b%G | b%G | | |
| ñwo, nwo | b^ | b^ | | |
| ñwó, nwó | b^H | b^H | | |
Voiced spirants and approximants[edit]
| Translit | Dan Smith | CUR | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| r | 6 | 6 | | This particular r is originally pronounced untrilled /ɹ/. But at a vague point in Quenya's earlier written history, it merges with /r/. Subsequently (and certainly before the Ñoldor leave Aman), this tengwa is only used for /r/ when it occurs before another consonant or word-finally—specifically never directly before a vowel. |
| v, va | y | y | | v can occur word-initially. Vanyar pronounce it /β/. Ñoldor pronounce it /v/. Middle-earth inherits the Ñoldorin pronunciation. |
| va, vá | yE | yE | | |
| ve | yR | yR | | |
| vé | yRV | yRV | | |
| vi | yT | yT | | |
| ví | yTB | yTB | | |
| vo | yY | yY | | |
| vó | yYN | yYN | | |
| vu | yU | yU | | |
| vú | yUM | yUM | | |
| ȝ | h | h | | ȝ represents /ɣ/ (or perhaps /ɰ/ or /ɦ/), but all such sounds have been lost in Quenya since before Fëanor invents tengwar, so this tengwa is only used by itself in writing other languages. But when palatalized, this tengwa is still used in Quenya for writing y. |
| y, ya | hÍ | hÍ | | y can occur word-initially. It is pronounced /j/. When y is transliterated mmediately after other consonants, this tengwa is not used, but the palatalization tehta is directly attached to the preceding consonant. |
| ya, yá | hÍE | hÍE | | |
| ye | hÍR | hÍR | | |
| yé | hÍRV | hÍRV | | |
| yo | hÍY | hÍY | | |
| yó | hÍYN | hÍYN | | |
| yu | hÍU | hÍU | | |
| yú | hÍUM | hÍUM | | |
| w, v, wa, va | n | n | | w can occur word-initially. It is originally pronounced /w/, but after the First Age in Middle-earth it becomes pronounced /v/ in most default cases, especially word-initially or after a vowel. However, it remains /w/ after a consonant, or after the vowel /o/, or after the diphthong /ai/, or in other specific exceptions. In any event, the old tengwa spelling is kept in all circumstances. |
| wa, va, wá, vá | nE | nE | | |
| we, ve | nR | nR | | |
| wé, vé | nRV | nRV | | |
| wi, vi | nT | nT | | |
| wí, ví | nTB | nTB | | |
| wo | nY | nY | | |
| wó | nYN | nYN | | |
Liquids[edit]
| Translit | Dan Smith | CUR | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| r, ra | 7 | 7 | | r can occur word-initially, and it is always trilled /r/. At a vague point in Quenya's earlier written history, /ɹ/ merges with /r/, and /r/ is written by two different tengwar depending on circumstances. This particular tengwa is only used directly before a vowel. |
| ra, rá | 7E | 7E | | |
| re | 7R | 7R | | |
| ré | 7RV | 7RV | | |
| ri | 7T | 7T | | |
| rí | 7TB | 7TB | | |
| ro | 7Y | 7Y | | |
| ró | 7YN | 7YN | | |
| ru | 7U | 7U | | |
| rú | 7UM | 7UM | | |
| rr, rra | 7; | 7; | | rr is always spelled with this tengwa. |
| rra, rrá | 7;E | 7;E | | |
| rre | 7;R | 7;R | | |
| rré | 7;RV | 7;RV | | |
| rri | 7;T | 7;T | | |
| rrí | 7;TB | 7;TB | | |
| rro | 7;Y | 7;Y | | |
| rró | 7;YN | 7;YN | | |
| rru | 7;U | 7;U | | |
| rrú | 7;UM | 7;UM | | |
| ry, rya | 7Î | 7Î | | ry is always spelled with this tengwa. It is pronounced /rʲ/ or /rj/. |
| rya, ryá | 7ÎE | 7ÎE | | |
| rye | 7ÎR | 7ÎR | | |
| ryé | 7ÎRV | 7ÎRV | | |
| ryo | 7ÎY | 7ÎY | | |
| ryó | 7ÎYN | 7ÎYN | | |
| ryu | 7ÎU | 7ÎU | | |
| ryú | 7ÎUM | 7ÎUM | | |
| rd, rda | u | u | | rd is always spelled with this tengwa. |
| rda, rdá | uE | uE | | |
| rde | uR | uR | | |
| rdé | uRV | uRV | | |
| rdi | uT | uT | | |
| rdí | uTB | uTB | | |
| rdo | uY | uY | | |
| rdó | uYN | uYN | | |
| rdu | uU | uU | | |
| rdú | uUM | uUM | | |
| l, la | j | j | | l can occur word-initially or word-finally. |
| la, lá | jE | jE | | |
| le | jR | jR | | |
| lé | jRV | jRV | | |
| li | jT | jT | | |
| lí | jTB | jTB | | |
| lo | jY | jY | | |
| ló | jYN | jYN | | |
| lu | jU | jU | | |
| lú | jUM | jUM | | |
| ll, lla | j° | j° | | |
| lla, llá | j°E | j°E | | |
| lle | j°R | j°R | | |
| llé | j°RV | j°RV | | |
| lli | j°T | j°T | | |
| llí | j°TB | j°TB | | |
| llo | j°Y | j°Y | | |
| lló | j°YN | j°YN | | |
| llu | j°U | j°U | | |
| llú | j°UM | j°UM | | |
| ly, lya | j´ | j´ | | ly can be pronounced /lʲ/, /ʎ/ or /lj/. |
| lya, lyá | j´E | j´E | | |
| lye | j´R | j´R | | |
| lyé | j´RV | j´RV | | |
| lyo | j´Y | j´Y | | |
| lyó | j´YN | j´YN | | |
| lyu | j´U | j´U | | |
| lyú | j´UM | j´UM | | |
| lb, lba | jw | jw | | lb is actually spelled with the tengwar for l+mb, but there is no /m/ sound in this spelling. |
| lba, lbá | jw# | jw# | | |
| lbe | jw$ | jw$ | | |
| lbé | jw$F | jw$F | | |
| lbi | jw% | jw% | | |
| lbí | jw%G | jw%G | | |
| lbo | jw^ | jw^ | | |
| lbó | jw^H | jw^H | | |
| lbu | jw& | jw& | | |
| lbú | jw&J | jw&J | | |
| ld, lda | m | m | | |
| lda, ldá | mE | mE | | |
| lde | mR | mR | | |
| ldé | mRV | mRV | | |
| ldi | mT | mT | | |
| ldí | mTB | mTB | | |
| ldo | mY | mY | | |
| ldó | mYN | mYN | | |
| ldu | mU | mU | | |
| ldú | mUM | mUM | | |
Sonorants[edit]
| Translit | Dan Smith | CUR | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| s, sa | 8 | 8 | | s can be pronounced word-initially or word-finally. Note that this tengwa is typically inverted if there are tehtar above it. |
| sa, sá | iE | iE | | |
| se | iR | iR | | |
| sé | iRV | iRV | | |
| si | iT | iT | | |
| sí | iTB | iTB | | |
| so | iY | iY | | |
| só | iYN | iYN | | |
| su | iU | iU | | |
| sú | iUM | iUM | | |
| ss, ssa | 8; | 8; | | Note that this Quenya tengwa spelling for ss is no longer used by the Ñoldor, and it is never used in Middle-earth—see Ñoldorin differences. |
| ssa, ssá | I;E | I;E | | |
| sse | I;R | I;R | | |
| ssé | I;RV | I;RV | | |
| ssi | I;T | I;T | | |
| ssí | I;TB | I;TB | | |
| sso | I;Y | I;Y | | |
| ssó | I;YN | I;YN | | |
| ssu | I;U | I;U | | |
| ssú | I;UM | I;UM | | |
| sy, sya | 8Í | 8Í | | sy can be pronounced /ɕ/. |
| sya, syá | IÌE | IÌE | | |
| sye | IÌR | IÌR | | |
| syé | IÌRV | IÌRV | | |
| syo | IÌY | IÌY | | |
| syó | IÌYN | IÌYN | | |
| syu | IÌU | IÌU | | |
| syú | IÌUM | IÌUM | | |
| z, r, za, ra | k | k | | The Ñoldorin z completely merges with r before Ñoldor leave Aman, and z no longer exists at all in Ñoldorin Quenya. This letter is no longer used for z by the Ñoldor, but rather becomes used for ss—see Ñoldorin differences. |
| za, ra, zá, rá | ,E | ,E | | |
| ze, re | ,R | ,R | | |
| zé, ré | ,RV | ,RV | | |
| zi, ri | ,T | ,T | | |
| zí, rí | ,TB | ,TB | | |
| zo, ro | ,Y | ,Y | | |
| zó, ró | ,YN | ,YN | | |
| zu, ru | ,U | ,U | | |
| zú, rú | ,UM | ,UM | | |
Miscellaneous[edit]
| Translit | Dan Smith | CUR | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| hy, hya | 9 | 9 | | hy can occur word-initially, and is pronounced /ç/. But when the Ñoldor (while still in Aman) develop a new /h/ sound separate from /x/, they start using this tengwa for that sound, and make a small change to their spelling of hy—see Ñoldorin differences. |
| hya, hyá | 9C | 9C | | |
| hye | 9V | 9V | | |
| hyé | 9RV | 9RV | | |
| hyo | 9N | 9N | | |
| hyó | 9YN | 9YN | | |
| hyu | 9M | 9M | | |
| hyú | 9UM | 9UM | | |
| ai | l | l | | Diphthongs. |
| ai | lE | lE | | |
| oi | lY | lY | | |
| ui | lU | lU | | |
| au | . | . | | |
| au | .E | .E | | |
| eu | .R | .R | | |
| iu | .T | .T | | |
| hr, hra | ½7 | ½7 | | hr can occur word-initially. Can be pronounced /r̥/ or /hr/. |
| hra, hrá | ½7E | ½7E | | |
| hre | ½7R | ½7R | | |
| hré | ½7RV | ½7RV | | |
| hri | ½7T | ½7T | | |
| hrí | ½7TB | ½7TB | | |
| hro | ½7Y | ½7Y | | |
| hró | ½7YN | ½7YN | | |
| hru | ½7U | ½7U | | |
| hrú | ½7UM | ½7UM | | |
| hl, hla | ½j | ½j | | hl can occur word-initially. Can be pronounced /l̥/, /hl/ or /ɬ/. |
| hla, hrá | ½jE | ½jE | | |
| hle | ½jR | ½jR | | |
| hlé | ½jRV | ½jRV | | |
| hli | ½jT | ½jT | | |
| hlí | ½jTB | ½jTB | | |
| hlo | ½jY | ½jY | | |
| hló | ½jYN | ½jYN | | |
| hlu | ½jU | ½jU | | |
| hlú | ½jUM | ½jUM | | |
| a | ` | ` | | Short vowels which occur word-initially or after other vowels. In these cases, a short-carrier tengwa carries the tehta. |
| a | `C | `C | | |
| e | `V | `V | | |
| i | `B | `B | | |
| o | `N | `N | | |
| u | `M | `M | | |
| á | ~ | ~ | | Long vowels which occur word-initially or after other vowels. In these cases, a long-carrier tengwa carries the tehta. Though long vowels (with the exception of á) can be written with doubled tehtar over consonants, it is also permissible to write any long vowel using the long-carrier, whether it comes after a consonant or not. In some cases, a critically unambiguous á must be written with the long-carrier. |
| á | ~C | ~C | | |
| é | ~V | ~V | | |
| í | ~B | ~B | | |
| ó | ~N | ~N | | |
| ú | ~M | ~M | | |
Ñoldorin differences[edit]
These are differences in the Ñoldorin orthography of Quenya, which also applies to Quenya of Middle-earth. These differences spring up after Ñoldorin Quenya phonology begins to differentiate itself from Vanyarin Quenya phonology.
| Translit | Dan Smith | CUR | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ss, ssa | k | k | | Note that even though the Ñoldor adopt a new spelling for ss, they maintain a separate spelling for þþ which becomes pronounced the same way and is also transliterated ss in those cases. |
| ssa, ssá | ,E | ,E | | |
| sse | ,R | ,R | | |
| ssé | ,RV | ,RV | | |
| ssi | ,T | ,T | | |
| ssí | ,TB | ,TB | | |
| sso | ,Y | ,Y | | |
| ssó | ,YN | ,YN | | |
| ssu | ,U | ,U | | |
| ssú | ,UM | ,UM | | |
| h, ha | 9 | 9 | | Used for glottal /h/ (as opposed to velar /x/) that occurs word-initially. |
| ha, há | 9C | 9C | | |
| he | 9V | 9V | | |
| hé | 9RV | 9RV | | |
| hi | 9B | 9B | | |
| hí | 9TB | 9TB | | |
| ho | 9N | 9N | | |
| hó | 9YN | 9YN | | |
| hu | 9M | 9M | | |
| hú | 9UM | 9UM | | |
| hy, hya | 9Í | 9Í | | Uses the palatalization tehta. |
| hya, hyá | 9ÍC | 9ÍC | | |
| hye | 9ÍV | 9ÍV | | |
| hyé | 9ÍRV | 9ÍRV | | |
| hyo | 9ÍN | 9ÍN | | |
| hyó | 9ÍYN | 9ÍYN | | |
| hyu | 9ÍM | 9ÍM | | |
| hyú | 9ÍUM | 9ÍUM | | |
Other sequences[edit]
These sequences are theoretically possible in Quenya, but they either aren't attested or are poorly attested in official sources. They could also ultimately be impossible because of hitherto undocumented exceptions. But based on the rules of spelling Quenya in tengwar, these are how they would be spelled. In any event, any of these sequences can only be used word-internally, and not at the beginning nor end or words.
| Translit | Dan Smith | CUR | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| py, pya | qÎ | qÎ | | py is theoretically possible because ty and my are possible. |
| pya, pyá | qÎE | qÎE | | |
| pye | qÎR | qÎR | | |
| pyé | qÎRV | qÎRV | | |
| pyo | qÎY | qÎY | | |
| pyó | qÎYN | qÎYN | | |
| pyu | qÎU | qÎU | | |
| pyú | qÎUM | qÎUM | | |
| mby, mbya | wÌ | wÌ | | mby is theoretically possible because ndy and my are possible. |
| mbya, mbyá | wÌ# | wÌ# | | |
| mbye | wÌ$ | wÌ$ | | |
| mbyé | wÌ$F | wÌ$F | | |
| mbyo | wÌ^ | wÌ^ | | |
| mbyó | wÌ^H | wÌ^H | | |
| mbyu | wÌ& | wÌ& | | |
| mbyú | wÌ&J | wÌ&J | | |
| ff, ffa | e; | e; | | ff is theoretically possible because þþ is possible. |
| ffa, ffá | e;D | e;D | | |
| ffe | e;F | e;F | | |
| ffé | e;RV | e;RV | | |
| ffi | e;G | e;G | | |
| ffí | e;TB | e;TB | | |
| ffo | e;H | e;H | | |
| ffó | e;YN | e;YN | | |
| ffu | e;J | e;J | | |
| ffú | e;UM | e;UM | | |
| fy, fya | eÍ | eÍ | | fy is theoretically possible because my is possible. |
| fya, fyá | eÍD | eÍD | | |
| fye | eÍF | eÍF | | |
| fyé | eÍRV | eÍRV | | |
| fyo | eÍH | eÍH | | |
| fyó | eÍYN | eÍYN | | |
| fyu | eÍJ | eÍJ | | |
| fyú | eÍUM | eÍUM | | |
| hh, hha | d; | d; | | hh is theoretically possible because þþ is possible. |
| hha, hhá | d;# | d;# | | |
| hhe | d;$ | d;$ | | |
| hhé | d;$F | d;$F | | |
| hhi | d;% | d;% | | |
| hhí | d;%G | d;%G | | |
| hho | d;^ | d;^ | | |
| hhó | d;^H | d;^H | | |
| hhu | d;& | d;& | | |
| hhú | d;&J | d;&J | | |
| mpy, mpya | rÌ | rÌ | | mpy is theoretically possible because nty and my are possible. |
| mpya, mpyá | rÌ# | rÌ# | | |
| mpye | rÌ$ | rÌ$ | | |
| mpyé | rÌ$F | rÌ$F | | |
| mpyo | rÌ^ | rÌ^ | | |
| mpyó | rÌ^H | rÌ^H | | |
| mpyu | rÌ& | rÌ& | | |
| mpyú | rÌ&J | rÌ&J | | |
| ññ, ññ | g: | g: | | ññ is theoretically possible, but it is known not to typically occur because all such sequences become ng early in Quenya's history. |
| ñña, ññá | g:# | g:# | | |
| ññe | g:$ | g:$ | | |
| ññé | g:$F | g:$F | | |
| ññi | g:% | g:% | | |
| ññí | g:%G | g:%G | | |
| ñño | g:^ | g:^ | | |
| ññó | g:^H | g:^H | | |
| ññu | g:& | g:& | | |
| ññú | g:&J | g:&J | | |
| vy, vya | yÍ | yÍ | | The evidence supporting a theoretical vy is tenuous at best. |
| vya, vyá | yÍE | yÍE | | |
| vye | yÍR | yÍR | | |
| vyé | yÍRV | yÍRV | | |
| vyo | yÍY | yÍY | | |
| vyó | yÍYN | yÍYN | | |
| vyu | yÍU | yÍU | | |
| vyú | yÍUM | yÍUM | | |
| rb, rba | 6w | 6w | | rb is theoretically possible because rd and lb are possible, but it is known not to typically occur because all such sequences become rv early in Quenya's history. |
| rba, rbá | 6w# | 6w# | | |
| rbe | 6w$ | 6w$ | | |
| rbé | 6w$F | 6w$F | | |
| rbi | 6w% | 6w% | | |
| rbí | 6w%G | 6w%G | | |
| rbo | 6w^ | 6w^ | | |
| rbó | 6w^H | 6w^H | | |
| rbu | 6w& | 6w& | | |
| rbú | 6w&J | 6w&J | | |
| rg, rga | 6s | 6s | | rg is theoretically possible if rb and lg are also theoretically possible, but it is known not to typically occur because all such sequences become ry early in Quenya's history. |
| rga, rgá | 6s# | 6s# | | |
| rge | 6s$ | 6s$ | | |
| rgé | 6s$F | 6s$F | | |
| rgi | 6s% | 6s% | | |
| rgí | 6s%G | 6s%G | | |
| rgo | 6s^ | 6s^ | | |
| rgó | 6s^H | 6s^H | | |
| rgu | 6s& | 6s& | | |
| rgú | 6s&J | 6s&J | | |
| rgw, rgwa | 6x | 6x | | rgw is theoretically possible if rb and lgw are also theoretically possible, but it is known not to typically occur because all such sequences become rw early in Quenya's history. |
| rgwa, rgwá | 6x# | 6x# | | |
| rgwe | 6x$ | 6x$ | | |
| rgwé | 6x$F | 6x$F | | |
| rgwi | 6x% | 6x% | | |
| rgwí | 6x%G | 6x%G | | |
| rgwo | 6x^ | 6x^ | | |
| rgwó | 6x^H | 6x^H | | |
| rdy, rdya | uÎ | uÎ | | If rdy exists, it would phonologically be rydy. Can be pronounced /rʲdʲ/, /rɟ/ or /rdʑ/. |
| rdya, rdyá | uÎE | uÎE | | |
| rdye | uÎR | uÎR | | |
| rdyé | uÎRV | uÎRV | | |
| rdyo | uÎY | uÎY | | |
| rdyó | uÎYN | uÎYN | | |
| rdyu | uÎU | uÎU | | |
| rdyú | uÎUM | uÎUM | | |
| lg, lga | js | js | | lg is theoretically possible if lb and ld are also possible, but it is known not to typically occur because all such sequences become l early in Quenya's history. |
| lga, lgá | js# | js# | | |
| lge | js$ | js$ | | |
| lgé | js$F | js$F | | |
| lgi | js% | js% | | |
| lgí | js%G | js%G | | |
| lgo | js^ | js^ | | |
| lgó | js^H | js^H | | |
| lgu | js& | js& | | |
| lgú | js&J | js&J | | |
| lgw, lgwa | jx | jx | | lgw is theoretically possible if lg is also theoretically possible, but it is known not to typically occur because all such sequences become lw early in Quenya's history. |
| lgwa, lgwá | jx# | jx# | | |
| lgwe | jx$ | jx$ | | |
| lgwé | jx$F | jx$F | | |
| lgwi | jx% | jx% | | |
| lgwí | jx%G | jx%G | | |
| lgwo | jx^ | jx^ | | |
| lgwó | jx^H | jx^H | | |
| ldy, ldya | mÍ | mÍ | | If ldy exists, it would phonologically be lydy. Can be pronounced /lʲdʲ/, /ʎɟ/ or /ldʑ/. |
| ldya, ldyá | mÍE | mÍE | | |
| ldye | mÍR | mÍR | | |
| ldyé | mÍRV | mÍRV | | |
| ldyo | mÍY | mÍY | | |
| ldyó | mÍYN | mÍYN | | |
| ldyu | mÍU | mÍU | | |
| ldyú | mÍUM | mÍUM | | |
| zy, ry, zya, rya | KÍ | KÍ | | Whether zy exists at any period in the history of Quenya is uncertain. If it does, it can be pronounced /ʑ/, and would have evolved from a voiced intervocalic sy (since older intervocalic *dy becomes ly, not zy). In any event, it probably becomes ry among the Ñoldor before they leave Aman, and so never exists in Middle-earth Quenya. |
| zya, rya, zyá, ryá | ,ÌE | ,ÌE | | |
| zye, rye | ,ÌR | ,ÌR | | |
| zyé, ryé | ,ÌRV | ,ÌRV | | |
| zyo, ryo | ,ÌY | ,ÌY | | |
| zyó, ryó | ,ÌYN | ,ÌYN | | |
| zyu, ryu | ,ÌU | ,ÌU | | |
| zyú, ryú | ,ÌUM | ,ÌUM | | |
Examples[edit]
| Translit | Dan Smith | CUR | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Taniquetil | 15%zR1Tj | 15%zR1Tj | | |
| Quenya | zR5Ì# | zR5Ì# | | |
| Þindarin | 3G27T5 | 3G27T5 | | Sindarin. |
| Þauron | 3.7Y5 | 3.7Y5 | | Sauron. |
| Fëanáro | eF`5#7Y | eF`5#7Y | | Fëanor. |
| Númenórë | 5&Jt$5^H7R | 5&Jt$5^H7R | | Númenor. |
| Melcor | t$jaY6 | t$jaY6 | | Melkor. |
| Maiar | tl`6 | tl`6 | | |
| Valinórë | yjT5^H7R | yjT5^H7R | | Valinor. |
| Valar | yj6 | yj6 | | |
| Wingilótë | nTs%jYN1R | nTs%jYN1R | | Vingilot. |
| Ainur | l5&6 | l5&6 | | |
| Eärendil | `V`7R2%j | `V`7R2%j | | |
| Ondolindë | `N2^jT2$ | `N2^jT2$ | | Gondolin. |
| Iþildur | `B3GmU6 | `B3GmU6 | | Isildur. |
| Eru Ilúvatar | `V7U `BjUMy16 | `V7U `BjUMy16 | | |
| Elendil | `VjR2%j | `VjR2%j | | |
| Eldar | `Vm6 | `Vm6 | | |