User:Urszag/oides

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Compare also: pyogenes, helcogenes, primigenes.

See Talk:monoides: "Neuter nominative or accusative plural I didn't find, except from New Latin "Arachnoida" which could be a noun. "Sphaeroidum" (Isaac Newton, Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica) could be a noun too. For isosceles one can find "triangula isoscelia" (maybe also by Euler in New Latin), "triangulorum isoscelium", and also "in eodem triangulo isoscele". There are also a few results for "triangula isoscela" (e.g. by Joannis Keill, 18th century), but one of these results also has "triangula isoscelia" and by the number of results it looks like "isoscela" is an error. So it still looks like the ablative is -e, while the genitive plural could be -ium. That is, it would not be consonant declension (abl. -e, gen. -um, like pauper, vetus) and not i-declension (abl. -i, gen. -ium, like acer, gravis, felix), but mixed declension (abl. -e, gen. -ium)."

From Logeion:

nouns:

adjectives:

discoide: https://books.google.com/books?id=jDc-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA140&dq=%22flore+discoide%22&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjBz_29_pSIAxV-DjQIHeGnF2wQ6AF6BAgLEAI#v=onepage&q=%22flore%20discoide%22&f=false

Genitive singular "ossis hyœidos": https://www.google.com/books/edition/Marcelli_Malpighii_Opera_omnia/5D1FAAAAcAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22hyoidos%22&pg=RA6-PA132&printsec=frontcover, "os hyoidos": https://www.google.com/books/edition/Vivae_imagines_partium_corporis_humani/6w5BAAAAcAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22hyoidos%22&pg=PT3&printsec=frontcover, https://www.google.com/books/edition/Danielis_Sennerti_Vratislaviensis_Opera/1Ld7UZuEYnoC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22hyoidos%22&pg=PA400&printsec=frontcover

Also used as nominiative? "crystalloidos humor": https://www.google.com/books/edition/Narcissus_and_the_Invention_of_Personal/08JgCgAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22crystalloidos%22&pg=PT100&printsec=frontcover, https://www.google.com/books/edition/Iacobi_Foroliuiensis_Medici_Singularis_e/zT9bAAAAcAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22crystalloidos%22&pg=PA21-IA1&printsec=frontcover


Greek sources

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Greek non-neuter singular: -ής, -οῦς, -εῖ, -ῆ, __, -ές -> -ēs, -ūs, -ei/-ī, -ē?, __,-es?

  • Latinized: -ēs, -is, -ī, -em, -ī or -e, -ēs
  • Do some Latin texts have genitive -os? E.g. DMLBS calathoides: omnis umbra ‥ triplex est, quia aut est chelintoydos aut chalatoidos aut conoidos. ‥ chalatoidos est forma que ab acuta parte incipit et crescit in latum; ‥ et dicitur hujusmodi umbra chalatoidos a chalatus, chalati et idos, quod est ‘forma’ ‥ ad modum chalati. See also conoides

Greek non-neuter plural: -εῖς, -ῶν, -έσῐ(ν), -εῖς, __, -εῖς -> -eis/-īs, -on/-um, __, -eis/-īs, __, -eis/-īs

Greek neuter: -ές and -ῆ, corresponding to Latin -es and -ē/-a?

PHI: some are used in Greek spelling, unadapted.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Third-declension one-termination adjective (Greek-type).

Number Singular Plural
Case / Gender Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative arachnoīdēs arachnoīdes1
arachnoīdēs 		arachnoīdēs arachnoīdia
Genitive arachnoīdis arachnoīdum
arachnoīdium
Dative arachnoīdī arachnoīdibus
Accusative arachnoīdem
arachnoīdēn 		arachnoīdem arachnoīdes1
arachnoīdēs 		arachnoīdēs
arachnoīdīs 		arachnoīdēs arachnoīdia
Ablative arachnoīde
arachnoīdī 		arachnoīdibus
Vocative arachnoīdes1
arachnoīdēs 		arachnoīdes
arachnoīdēs 		arachnoīdes1
arachnoīdēs 		arachnoīdēs arachnoīdia

1It is unknown if Classical Latin preserved (or would have preserved) the shortness of the original Greek short ending.

Neuter plurals: ossa, ligamenta?

Words ending in -oīdēs: how do they inflect? androides, monoides

rhomboides, phācŏīdēs, sarcoides, discŏï̄des, rhythmŏīdes

triplex est, quia aut est chelintoydos aut chalatoidos aut conoidos. ‥ chalatoidos est forma que ab acuta parte incipit et crescit in latum; ‥ et dicitur hujusmodi umbra chalatoidos a chalatus, chalati et idos, quod est ‘forma’ ‥ ad modum chalati Comm. Sph. 18 p. 338; necesse est umbram esse ‥ curte pyramidis infinite secundum longitudinem, quam figuram calatoides appellant Peckham Persp. I 24.

See [1]

See also Vicipaedia Asteroides

[2], [3]

rhagoides, Ceratoides

Neuter plurals?

Compare: ossis hyoidis

Examples with -oida (not fully Latin texts):

os sesamoideum: "ossa sesamoidia" seems very rare compared to "ossa sesamoidea".

ossa mastoidea

no hits for "ossa scaphoida", "ossa scaphoidia". Hits for "Ossa scaphoidea".

sphenoida (no hits for sphenoidia):

Found in New Latin (Google Books): sesamoidum, daphnoidum, ceratoidum, chorioidum, arachnoidum, crystalloidum, pterygoidum

  • Also found: sesamoidium?, chorioidium, arachnoidium
  • Also found: arachnoideum, hyaloideum, crystalloideum
  • Not found: daphnoidium, ceratoidium, hyaloidium, crystalloidium
  • Not found: ocimoidum, cynoidum, ascyroidum, hyaloidum

myoidum, sinusoidum, ellipsoidum

Hmm. It's difficult to tell whether "Arachnoidia" as a neuter plural would be a form of this, or a misspelled variant of second-declension "Arachnoidea". I guess you'd need to see the same word used in multiple forms in the same source.

  • Arachnoida has been used in taxonomy, it looks like: [4]
    • But "class Arachnoidia" appears in 2 books? A class is a rank, introduced in 1694. They have the form of plural nouns, such as Aves, Amphibia, Mammalia.
  • Arachnoidia was viewed as a variant of Arachnoidea: [5]
  • This book uses "dura arachnoidia": [6] That seems to be feminine singular: compare dura mater, pia mater. So it can be considered a misspelling of "arachnoidea mater".

New Latin has -oideus: is this an adjective or a noun ending?

Google books crystalloides:

  • [7] lumẽ cuZ si... moneat ipsa crystalloides, et si moueat ipsa crystalloides

Classical Latin attestations

[edit]

Some are used in Latin in Celsus and Pliny.

Attested endings:

  • -oides (Pliny, Celsus)
  • -oidem (Pliny, Celsus)
  • -oidīs (Pliny, aëroidis, accusative plural)

Old words in Pliny: sesamoides, daphnoides, ocimoides, cynoides, ascyroides, corsoides (not in CorCor in other cases)

Cassius Felix in CorCor:

  • "prasoiden appellant".
  • Appellatur autem chemosis quotiens in ipsa ceratoide tunica apparuerit rubicundus et carnosus tumor, proptosis uero est oculorum ex nimio tumore prominens casus, ut etiam difficile palpebris contegantur.
  • 1. Bene, Franz von: pigmento nigro chorioideo bulbi oculi; arachnoideae; arachnoideam
  • 1. Cardanus, Hieronymus, De subtilitate (1576): speciei in spiritu in crystalloide perceptio,
  • 3. Vindicianus Afer, Epitome anonyma (quae gynaecia uocatur) recensio Li (380): Epitome anonyma (quae gynaecia uocatur) recensio Li

V., quarum prima est palpebra que grece bleferon appellatur, nam ipsius oculi proprie prima tunica cerotoides appellatur, secunda rogoidis, tercia menoidis, quarta cristalloidis, aliter secunda croidis, tercia onoroides, quarta discoides, quinta cristalloydes.

  • Prima ciratoidis et cristalloides et meroides, secunda aragnoides, tertia haloides vel fagoides, quarta metroides vel trizepies.

New Latin: Newton uses Cycloidibus. Other forms (not all from Newton):

  • quas Graeci cyclicas sive cycloides sive capellas vocant,
  • Isto autem in casu, longitudo arcus Cycloidis, inter planum illud & punctum describens, æqualis evadet quadruplicato sinui verso dimidii arcus Rotæ inter idem planum & punctum describens; ut invenit D. C. Wrennus: Et pendulum inter duas ejusmodi Cycloides in simili & æquali Cycloide temporibus æqualibus Oscillabitur, ut demonstravit Hugenius.
  • Nam si globi diameter augeatur in infinitum, mutabitur ejus superficies Sphærica in planum, visque centripeta aget uniformiter secundum lineas huic plano perpendiculares, & Cyclois nostra abibit in Cycloidem vulgi.
  • Hinc etiam consectantur quæ D. C. Wrennus & D. C. Hugenius de Cycloide vulgari adinvenerunt.
  • hoc est ut globorum semidiametri, atque adeo ut Cycloidum perimetri & perimetrorum partes similes

vicinum huic genus est, sed pallidius et a quibusdam proprii generis existimatum vocatumque chrysoprasum. Quarto loco numerantur hyacinthizontes, quinto quos aëroidis vocant, [postea cerini ac deinde oleagini, hoc est colore olei, postremi crystallo similes.]

A variety closely akin to these, but still a little paler and by some regarded as a special kind is the so-called ‘chrysoprasus.’ Fourth in order are reckoned the ‘hyacinthizontes,’ or ‘sapphire-blue beryls,’ and fifth the so-called ‘aëroides,’ or ‘sky-blue’ variety. [After these come the ‘waxy’ and then the ‘oily’ beryls, that is, beryls coloured like olive oil. Finally, there are those that resemble rock-crystal.]


Aulus Cornelius Celsus, De Medicina 7.7.13a.7, 7.7.13b.3, 7.7.13b.8, 7.7.13c.2, 7.7.13c.7 Is igitur summas habet duas tunicas, ex quibus superior a Graecis ceratoides uocatur. ... circa tenuis, ulterioribus partibus ipsa quoque plenior, quae chorioides a Graecis nominatur. ...deinde infra rursus tenuissima tunica, quam Herophilus arachnoidem nominauit. Ea media subsidit * * * eoque cauo continet quiddam, quod a uitri similitudine hyaloides Graeci uocant. Id neque liquidum neque aridum est, sed quasi concretus umor, ex cuius colore pupillae his gutta umoris est, oui albo similis, a qua uidendi facultas proficiscitur: crystalloides a Graecis nominatur.

Aulus Cornelius Celsus, De Medicina 7.18.2.1 Haec autem tunica conteguntur tenui, neruosa, sine sanguine, alba, quae elytroides a Graecis nominatur.

Pliny:

    • c. 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 15.132:
      id quoque quod daphnoides velut genus in nominum ambitu est; alii enim Pelasgum, alii eupetalon, alii stephanon Alexandri vocant. et hic frutex est ramosus, crassiore ac molliore quam laurus folio, cuius gustatu accendatur os, bacis e nigro rufis. notatum antiquis, nullum genus laurus in Corsica fuisse, quod nunc satum et ibi provenit.
    • c. 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 23.158:
      Proxime valent cetera laurus genera. laurus Alexandrina sive Idaea partus celeres facit radice pota III denariorum pondere in vini dulcis cyathis III, secundas etiam pellit mensesque. eodem modo pota daphnoides sive iis nominibus, quae diximus, silvestris laurus prodest, alvum solvit vel recenti folio vel arido drachmis III cum sale inhydromelite, manducata pituitas extrahit, folium et vomitus, stomacho inutile. sic et bacae quinae denae purgationis causa sumuntur.
    • c. 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 20.72.2:
      Est et beta silvestris quam limonium vocant, alii neuroidem, multum minoribus foliis tenuioribusque ac densioribus; undecim saepe cauli uni.
    • sesamoides (sub. n. nom. sg.)
    • c. 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 24.137.2:
      Clinopodium alii cleopiceton, alii zopyrontion, alii ocimoides appellant
    • c. 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 25.140.1:
      Psyllion alii cynoides, alii crystallion
    • c. 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 26.71.1:
      Septimum dendroides cognominant, alii cobion, alii leptophyllon, in petris nascens,

Ascyron et ascyroides similia sunt inter se et hyperico, sed maiores habet ramos quod ascyroides vocatur

curalio, aureis guttis distincta, corallis minio; gignitur

dāphnŏīdes, ae, f., = δαφνοειδής (laurel-like).



dī̆plŏïs is not this: Récta amussim em uíde diploidi ut récta grassatúr uia. Mīnōis, ĭdis is not this. (e.g. ferox Theseus, qualem Minoidi luctum)

Genitive plural in -oīdum:

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