User:Victar/About Proto-Piro-Apurinã
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Proto-Piro-Apurinã is the ancestor of the Piro-Apurinã languages: Yine, Manchineri, Iñapari, and Apurinã.
Phonology and notation
[edit]Consonants
[edit]Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m | n | |||
Plosive | p | t | k | ||
Affricate | ts | tʃ | tx | ||
Fricative | s | ʃ | x | h | |
Flap | r | ||||
Approximant | l | j | w |
Vowels
[edit]Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
High | i, ɪ | ɨ | u |
Mid | e | o | |
Low | a |
Development in the Piro-Apurinã languages
[edit]Proto-Piro-Apurinã | Apurinã | Iñapari | Yine | Example |
---|---|---|---|---|
*p | p | p | p | ("agouti") > pekiri, pehirí, pexri |
*t | t | t [t], [tʃ]1, [tʲ]2 | t [t], [tʃ]3; h [x]4 | *katato ("butterfly") > katato, atʃatú, katato |
*ts | ts [ts], [tʃ]1 | ts | *tsɨna-ka ("urine") > tsɨnaka, tɨnaʔa, tsɨnáka | |
*tx | t | |||
*tʃ | tx [tʃ] | ch [tʲ] | ||
*k | k | ∅3 | k | *kanawa ("canoe") > kanawa (kanaɰa), ∅anawá (anawa), kanawa (kanawa) |
*s | s | ∅6 | s | *kasɨrɨ ("moon") > kasery (kasɨrɨ), a∅ïrḯ (aɨrɨ), ksuru (ksɨrɨ) |
*ʃ | x [ʃ] | h [h], [χ]1, [x]8 | sh [ʃ] | |
*h | h | g [h] | ||
*x | x [x], [ʃ]1 | ∅5 | j [x̯] | |
th [c7 | ||||
*ɾ | r | r | r [r], [ʐ]9 | |
*l | l | |||
*m | m | m | m | |
*n | n | n | n | *nene ("tongue") > nẽnẽ (“nɨ̃nɨ̃”), nenípati (nenipati), nnu- (nnɨ-) |
nh [ɲ] | ("louse") > nhipatxi (“ɲipatʃi”), hapatí (χapati), [Term?] (xepatʃi) | |||
*y [j] | y [j] | y [j] | i, y [j] | |
*w | w [ɰ] | w | w [w], [β]10 | |
*a | a | a | a | |
*e | e | e | e | |
*i | i, y [i] | i | i | |
*ɪ | i, y [ɨ] | i | u [ɨ] | |
*ɨ | ɨ, -i | |||
*o | o | o | o | |
*u | u |
- Before *i.
- Before *a.
- Before word-final *i.
- Word initial before *a.
- Word initial before *a or *u.
- Before *a, *e, *o or *u.
- Between two *i.
- Before ɨ.
- After *n.
- Before front vowels.