User:Zhnka/test-gmh-IPA

Sources

• https://www.gutenberg.org/files/22636/22636-h/22636-h.htm
• https://archive.org/details/middlehighgerman00wriguoft
• https://archive.org/details/introductiontomi00senn
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_High_German

Pecularities about the module

• /eː/ is not included (ë = /ɛ/, = ê /ɛː/, e = /e/)
• unstressed /ɛ/ becomes /ə/
• stress needs to be added manually
• /t͡s̄ukkər/ (not /t͡sʊkɐ/)
• /ŋɡ/ (not /ŋ/)
• /x/ (χ and ç not differentiated)
• v and f both included equally
• existence of /ʃ/ only later

Pronunciation

Nouns

• IPA^(key): (before 13^th CE) /ˈman/
• IPA^(key): (before 13^th CE) /ˈwiːp/
• IPA^(key): (before 13^th CE) /ˈliə̯bə/
• IPA^(key): (before 13^th CE) /ˈt͡s̄iːt/
• IPA^(key): (before 13^th CE) /ˈt͡s̄ukkər/
• IPA^(key): (before 13^th CE) /ˈs̠tɛi̯n/
• IPA^(key): (before 13^th CE) /ˈs̠ɛs̄s̄əl/
• IPA^(key): (before 13^th CE) /ˈs̠ɛː/
• IPA^(key): (before 13^th CE) /ˈnaxt/
• IPA^(key): (before 13^th CE) /ˈkwelə/
• IPA^(key): (before 13^th CE) /ˈs̠wert/
• IPA^(key): (before 13^th CE) /ˈɛi̯n ˈnyːwər ˈs̠wert/
• IPA^(key): (before 13^th CE) /ˈdyː s̠æːlikən s̠xaːf/

Verbs

• IPA^(key): (before 13^th CE) /ˈbriŋɡən/
• IPA^(key): (before 13^th CE) /vərˈliə̯s̠ən/, /fərˈliə̯s̠ən/
• IPA^(key): (before 13^th CE) /ˈvliə̯ɡən/, /ˈfliə̯ɡən/

Random notes

• 3 different s – /s̄/ (ȥ), /s̠/ (s) and /ʃ/

The original Germanic fricative s was in writing usually clearly distinguished from the younger fricative z that evolved from the High German consonant shift. The sounds of both letters seem not to have merged before the 13th century. Since s later came to be pronounced /ʃ/ before other consonants (as in Stein /ʃtaɪn/, Speer /ʃpeːɐ/, Schmerz /ʃmɛrts/ (original smerz) or the southwestern pronunciation of words like Ast /aʃt/), it seems safe to assume that the actual pronunciation of Germanic s was somewhere between [s] and [ʃ], most likely about [s̠], in all Old High German until late Middle High German. A word like swaz, "whatever", would thus never have been [swas] but rather [s̠was], later (13th century) [ʃwas], [ʃvas].

<sch> (=s + ch)? [s̺k]* > [s̺x] (2nd Germanic sound shift) > [s̺ç] (allophonic distribution /x/=[x],[ç]) > [ʃ].

Originally, in Middle High German, the sound /f/ had been voiced in some dialects and was therefore written ⟨v⟩.

Terms previously with manual IPA pronunciation

B bringen briutegome brucke brugge burcgrave D diutsc douf durchliuhten E ewe G garte grave göu göugrave H houbet hœren I ir K kint L legen ligen M mülnære N nebelvinster nest nit niuwe O ouwe R riche rucke rugge S sagen schaf schibe schif schuole sezzel slüzzel slüzzelin stahel stein steter stucke stuol swern swert swigen sælic T tragen V vedere visch vischære viur vleisch vliegen vliezen W wazzer wette wir Z zedel zucker Ü überganc