chʼíízǫ́ǫ́s

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Navajo[edit]

Etymology[edit]

chʼí- (out horizontally) + -y- (3rd person object prefix) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier)-zǫ́ǫ́s (imperfective stem of root -ZǪ́Ǫ́Z, “to pull, to tear”).

Stem initial z- becomes d- under d-effect.

Verb[edit]

chʼíízǫ́ǫ́s

  1. he/she is pulling it or dragging it out horizontally (as a chain from a house)

Conjugation[edit]

Paradigm: Momentaneous (ni/ni), with partial da-shift.

IMPERFECTIVE singular duoplural plural
1st person chʼínísǫ́ǫ́s chʼíniidǫ́ǫ́s chʼídaniidǫ́ǫ́s
2nd person chʼínízǫ́ǫ́s chʼínóhsǫ́ǫ́s chʼídanohsǫ́ǫ́s
3rd person chʼíízǫ́ǫ́s chʼídeízǫ́ǫ́s
4th person chʼíjízǫ́ǫ́s chʼídajízǫ́ǫ́s
PERFECTIVE singular duoplural plural
1st person chʼínízǫ́ǫ́z chʼíniidǫ́ǫ́z chʼídaniidǫ́ǫ́z
2nd person chʼíínízǫ́ǫ́z chʼínoozǫ́ǫ́z chʼídanoozǫ́ǫ́z
3rd person chʼíinízǫ́ǫ́z chʼídeizǫ́ǫ́z
4th person chʼízhnízǫ́ǫ́z chʼídajizǫ́ǫ́z
FUTURE singular duoplural plural
1st person chʼídeesǫ́ǫ́s chʼídiidǫ́ǫ́s chʼídadiidǫ́ǫ́s
2nd person chʼídíízǫ́ǫ́s chʼídoohsǫ́ǫ́s chʼídadoohsǫ́ǫ́s
3rd person chʼíidoozǫ́ǫ́s chʼídeidoozǫ́ǫ́s
4th person chʼízhdoozǫ́ǫ́s chʼídazhdoozǫ́ǫ́s

Verbal stems[edit]

  • ITERATIVE: -d + zǫ́ǫ́s = dǫ́ǫ́s
  • OPTATIVE: -zǫ́ǫ́s

Related terms[edit]