spainis
Latvian
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bucket.agr.jpg/250px-Bucket.agr.jpg)
Alternative forms
(dialectal forms) spanis, spannis, spaņģis
Etymology
Borrowed from Middle Low German span(n) (“wooden bucket”), generating dialectal form spanis, spannis; in Kurzeme, also *spandis > spaņģis (with ģ probably from genitive *spandya); compare (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Lithuanian dialectal forms spandis, spañgis (possibly borrowings from Kurzeme dialects). Two explanations have been proposed for the irregular ai (instead of an(n)) in the literary form: influence from dialectal (Kurzeme) *spainis, a variant of spailis, spails (“set of fishing equipment”), at first in Kurzeme, and later on spreading to other dialects; or a contamination between an earlier form *span(n)is and Livonian pàynal (“wooden round container”), or its (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Ewe dialectal synonym paenas, paenal. The borrowing is first mentioned as spanis, spannis in 17th-century dictionaries; by the end of that century, the variant spainis is also attested. In the first Bible translations one finds spaņģis. The literary form spainis progressed slowly: in the 19th century, J. Alunāns still used spannis, spanis; in dictionaries from the 1870s and 1880s, spainis was only a variant. Only at the beginning of the 20th century did spainis begin to dominate, when spannis, spanis was perceived (and avoided) as a Germanism.[1]
Pronunciation
Noun
spainis m (2nd declension)
- bucket, pail (cylindrical metal, wooden, or plastic container with a handle)
- piena spainis ― milk bucket
- emaljēts spainis ― enamelled bucket
- nest ūdeni ar spaiņiem ― to carry water with buckets
- koka, alumīnija, plastmasas spainis ― wooden, aluminum, plastic bucket
Declension
singular (vienskaitlis) | plural (daudzskaitlis) | |
---|---|---|
nominative (nominatīvs) | spainis | spaiņi |
accusative (akuzatīvs) | spaini | spaiņus |
genitive (ģenitīvs) | spaiņa | spaiņu |
dative (datīvs) | spainim | spaiņiem |
instrumental (instrumentālis) | spaini | spaiņiem |
locative (lokatīvs) | spainī | spaiņos |
vocative (vokatīvs) | spaini | spaiņi |
References
- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “spainis”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
- Latvian etymologies from LEV
- Latvian terms borrowed from Middle Low German
- Latvian terms derived from Middle Low German
- Latvian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latvian words with level intonation
- Latvian lemmas
- Latvian nouns
- Latvian masculine nouns
- Latvian terms with usage examples
- Latvian second declension nouns
- lv:Containers