σαθρός

Ancient Greek

Etymology

The etymology is uncertain. Maybe related to σήθω (sḗthō, “to sift, bolt”) or perhaps a contamination of σαπρός (saprós, “rotten”) with an unknown word. Furnée connects it with ψαθυρός (psathurós, “brittle”) and concludes that the word is from Pre-Greek.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /sa.tʰrós/ → /saˈθros/ → /saˈθros/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /sa.tʰrós/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /saˈtʰros/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /saˈθros/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /saˈθros/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /saˈθros/

Adjective

σαθρός • (sathrós) m (feminine σαθρᾱ́, neuter σαθρόν); first/second declension

1. unsound, diseased
2. impotent
3. cracked (of a vessel)

Inflection

First and second declension of σαθρός; σαθρᾱ́; σαθρόν (Attic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		σαθρός sathrós	σαθρᾱ́ sathrā́	σαθρόν sathrón		σαθρώ sathrṓ	σαθρᾱ́ sathrā́	σαθρώ sathrṓ		σαθροί sathroí	σαθραί sathraí	σαθρᾰ́ sathrá
Genitive		σαθροῦ sathroû	σαθρᾶς sathrâs	σαθροῦ sathroû		σαθροῖν sathroîn	σαθραῖν sathraîn	σαθροῖν sathroîn		σαθρῶν sathrôn	σαθρῶν sathrôn	σαθρῶν sathrôn
Dative		σαθρῷ sathrôi	σαθρᾷ sathrâi	σαθρῷ sathrôi		σαθροῖν sathroîn	σαθραῖν sathraîn	σαθροῖν sathroîn		σαθροῖς sathroîs	σαθραῖς sathraîs	σαθροῖς sathroîs
Accusative		σαθρόν sathrón	σαθρᾱ́ν sathrā́n	σαθρόν sathrón		σαθρώ sathrṓ	σαθρᾱ́ sathrā́	σαθρώ sathrṓ		σαθρούς sathroús	σαθρᾱ́ς sathrā́s	σαθρᾰ́ sathrá
Vocative		σαθρέ sathré	σαθρᾱ́ sathrā́	σαθρόν sathrón		σαθρώ sathrṓ	σαθρᾱ́ sathrā́	σαθρώ sathrṓ		σαθροί sathroí	σαθραί sathraí	σαθρᾰ́ sathrá
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		σαθρῶς sathrôs				σαθρότερος sathróteros				σαθρότᾰτος sathrótatos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• σαθρότης (sathrótēs)
• σαθρόω (sathróō)
• σάθρωμα (sáthrōma)
• σάθρωσις (sáthrōsis)

 

Further reading

• “σαθρός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “σαθρός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• σαθρός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN