σαλαμάνδρα

Ancient Greek

Etymology

According to Beekes, ”given its non-Indo-European structure, this word may be Pre-Greek”, confronting σαύρα (saúra). An Iranian borrowing is suggested after Persian سمندر (samandar, “salamander”), and a compound of Proto-Basque *suge (“snake”) and *lindila (“lizard”) attested as Basque sugelandara etc., which points to an African borrowing.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /sa.la.mán.dra/ → /sa.laˈman.dra/ → /sa.laˈman.dra/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /sa.la.mán.dra/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /sa.laˈman.dra/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /sa.laˈman.dra/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /sa.laˈman.dra/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /sa.laˈman.dra/

Noun

σᾰλᾰμᾰ́νδρᾰ • (salamándra) f (genitive σᾰλᾰμᾰ́νδρᾱς); first declension

1. fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra)

Inflection

First declension of ἡ σᾰλᾰμᾰ́νδρᾰ; τῆς σᾰλᾰμᾰ́νδρᾱς (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ σᾰλᾰμᾰ́νδρᾰ hē salamándra	τὼ σᾰλᾰμᾰ́νδρᾱ tṑ salamándrā	αἱ σᾰλᾰμᾰ́νδραι hai salamándrai
Genitive	τῆς σᾰλᾰμᾰ́νδρᾱς tês salamándrās	τοῖν σᾰλᾰμᾰ́νδραιν toîn salamándrain	τῶν σᾰλᾰμᾰνδρῶν tôn salamandrôn
Dative	τῇ σᾰλᾰμᾰ́νδρᾳ têi salamándrāi	τοῖν σᾰλᾰμᾰ́νδραιν toîn salamándrain	ταῖς σᾰλᾰμᾰ́νδραις taîs salamándrais
Accusative	τὴν σᾰλᾰμᾰ́νδρᾰν tḕn salamándran	τὼ σᾰλᾰμᾰ́νδρᾱ tṑ salamándrā	τᾱ̀ς σᾰλᾰμᾰ́νδρᾱς tā̀s salamándrās
Vocative	σᾰλᾰμᾰ́νδρᾰ salamándra	σᾰλᾰμᾰ́νδρᾱ salamándrā	σᾰλᾰμᾰ́νδραι salamándrai
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• σᾰλᾰμᾰ́νδρειος (salamándreios)

Descendants

• → Latin: salamandra
  • → English: salamander
  • → Italian: salamandra
  • → Translingual: Salamandra

Further reading

• “σαλαμάνδρα”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• σαλαμάνδρα in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
• Leschber, Corinna, Bengtson, John D. (2021) “Notes on some Pre-Greek words in relation to Euskaro-Caucasian (North Caucasian + Basque)”, in Journal of Language Relationship‎^[1], volume 19, numbers 1–2, →DOI, page 82