चर्वति

Sanskrit

Etymology

From चर्व् (carv). Compare Sanskrit *चप्पयति (cappayati)

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /t͡ɕɐ́ɾ.ʋɐ.ti/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈt͡ɕɐɾ.ʋɐ.t̪i/
• Hyphenation: चर्‧व‧ति

Verb

चर्वति • (cárvati) third-singular indicative (class 1, type P, root चर्व्)

1. to chew

Conjugation

Present: चर्वति (carvati), चर्वते (carvate)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	चर्वति carvati	चर्वतः carvataḥ	चर्वन्ति carvanti	चर्वते carvate	चर्वेते carvete	चर्वन्ते carvante
Second	चर्वसि carvasi	चर्वथः carvathaḥ	चर्वथ carvatha	चर्वसे carvase	चर्वेथे carvethe	चर्वध्वे carvadhve
First	चर्वामि carvāmi	चर्वावः carvāvaḥ	चर्वामः / चर्वामसि¹ carvāmaḥ / carvāmasi¹	चर्वे carve	चर्वावहे carvāvahe	चर्वामहे carvāmahe
Imperative
Third	चर्वतु carvatu	चर्वताम् carvatām	चर्वन्तु carvantu	चर्वताम् carvatām	चर्वेताम् carvetām	चर्वन्ताम् carvantām
Second	चर्व carva	चर्वतम् carvatam	चर्वत carvata	चर्वस्व carvasva	चर्वेथाम् carvethām	चर्वध्वम् carvadhvam
First	चर्वाणि carvāṇi	चर्वाव carvāva	चर्वाम carvāma	चर्वै carvai	चर्वावहै carvāvahai	चर्वामहै carvāmahai
Optative/Potential
Third	चर्वेत् carvet	चर्वेताम् carvetām	चर्वेयुः carveyuḥ	चर्वेत carveta	चर्वेयाताम् carveyātām	चर्वेरन् carveran
Second	चर्वेः carveḥ	चर्वेतम् carvetam	चर्वेत carveta	चर्वेथाः carvethāḥ	चर्वेयाथाम् carveyāthām	चर्वेध्वम् carvedhvam
First	चर्वेयम् carveyam	चर्वेव carveva	चर्वेम carvema	चर्वेय carveya	चर्वेवहि carvevahi	चर्वेमहि carvemahi
Subjunctive
Third	चर्वात् / चर्वाति carvāt / carvāti	चर्वातः carvātaḥ	चर्वान् carvān	चर्वाते / चर्वातै carvāte / carvātai	चर्वैते carvaite	चर्वन्त / चर्वान्तै carvanta / carvāntai
Second	चर्वाः / चर्वासि carvāḥ / carvāsi	चर्वाथः carvāthaḥ	चर्वाथ carvātha	चर्वासे / चर्वासै carvāse / carvāsai	चर्वैथे carvaithe	चर्वाध्वै carvādhvai
First	चर्वाणि carvāṇi	चर्वाव carvāva	चर्वाम carvāma	चर्वै carvai	चर्वावहै carvāvahai	चर्वामहै carvāmahai
Participles
	चर्वत् carvat			चर्वमाण carvamāṇa
Notes	The subjunctive is only used in Vedic Sanskrit. ¹Vedic

Descendants

• Central:
  • Hindustani: cābnā, cabānā, cābhnā, ciblānā
    • Hindi: चाबना, चबाना, चाभना, चिब्लाना
    • Urdu: چابنا, چَبانا, چابھنا, چبلانا
• Eastern:
  • Bengali: চাবান (caban), চিবা (ciba), চিবানো (cibanō)
  • Bihari:
    • Bhojpuri: चबाएल (cabāēl)
  • Odia: ଚାବିବା (cābibā), ଚୋବାଇବା (cobāibā)
• Northern:
  • Jaunsari: चबाणो (cabāṇō̃)
  • Kumaoni: चाबणो (cābṇo)
  • Nepali: चाबनु (cābanu), चबाउनु (cabāunu)
• Northwestern:
  • Punjabi: cabbṇā, cabāuṇā

    Gurmukhi script: ਚੱਬਣਾ, ਚਬਾਉਣਾ

    Shahmukhi script: چبنا, چبائنا

  • Sindhi: caḇaṇu, caḇāiṇu, cāḇo

    Arabic script: چَٻَڻُ, چَٻائِڻُ, چاٻو

    Devanagari script: चॿणु, चॿाइणु, चाॿो

• Southern:
  • Konkani: cābtā

    Devanagari script: चाबता

    Latin script: chabta

    Kannada script: ಚಾಬ್ತಾ

  • Marathi: चावणे (cāvṇe)
• Western:
  • Gujarati: ચવ્વું (cavvũ)
  • Marwari: चाबणो (cābṇo)

References

• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “carvati”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 255
• Monier Williams (1899) “चर्वति”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 391, column 1.