ह्यस्

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• হ্যস্ (Assamese script)
• ᬳ᭄ᬬᬲ᭄ (Balinese script)
• হ্যস্ (Bengali script)
• 𑰮𑰿𑰧𑰭𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀳𑁆𑀬𑀲𑁆 (Brahmi script)
• ဟျသ် (Burmese script)
• હ્યસ્ (Gujarati script)
• ਹ੍ਯਸ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌹𑍍𑌯𑌸𑍍 (Grantha script)
• ꦲꦾꦱ꧀ (Javanese script)
• 𑂯𑂹𑂨𑂮𑂹 (Kaithi script)
• ಹ್ಯಸ್ (Kannada script)
• ហ្យស៑ (Khmer script)
• ຫ຺ຍສ຺ (Lao script)
• ഹ്യസ് (Malayalam script)
• ᡥᠶᠠᠰ᠌ (Manchu script)
• 𑘮𑘿𑘧𑘭𑘿 (Modi script)
• ᠾᠶ᠋ᠠᠰ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧎𑧠𑧇𑧍𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐴𑑂𑐫𑐳𑑂 (Newa script)
• ହ୍ଯସ୍ (Odia script)
• ꢲ꣄ꢫꢱ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆲𑇀𑆪𑆱𑇀 (Sharada script)
• 𑖮𑖿𑖧𑖭𑖿 (Siddham script)
• හ්‍යස් (Sinhalese script)
• 𑪂 𑪙𑩻𑪁 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚩𑚶𑚣𑚨𑚶 (Takri script)
• ஹ்யஸ் (Tamil script)
• హ్యస్ (Telugu script)
• หฺยสฺ (Thai script)
• ཧྱ་ས྄ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒯𑓂𑒨𑒮𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨱𑩇𑨪𑨰𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰyás (“yesterday”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰǵʰyés (“yeserday”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬰𐬫𐬋 (zyō), Ancient Greek χθές (khthés), Latin herī, English yesterday, Old Persian 𐎮𐎹𐎣 (di-y-k /⁠diya(-ka)⁠/) (whence Persian دیروز (di-ruz)).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɦi.jɐ́s/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ɦjɐs̪/

Adverb

ह्यस् • (hyás) (metrical Vedic hiyás)

1. yesterday
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 8.99.1:

     त्वामिदा ह्यो नरोऽपीप्यन्वज्रिन्भूर्णयः। स इन्द्र स्तोमवाहसामिह श्रुध्युप स्वसरमा गहि ॥

     tvāmidā hyo naroʼpīpyanvajrinbhūrṇayaḥ. sa indra stomavāhasāmiha śrudhyupa svasaramā gahi.

     O thunderer, your worshippers, zealous worshippers made you drink [Soma] this time yesterday; listen, Indra, here to us who offer you praise; and come you to our dwelling.

   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.55.5:

     देवस्य पश्य काव्यं महित्वाद्या ममार स ह्यः समान ॥

     devasya paśya kāvyaṃ mahitvādyā mamāra sa hyaḥ samāna.

     Behold the Gods’ high wisdom in its greatness: he who died yesterday is living today.

Descendants

• Dardic:
  • Kashmiri:

    Arabic script: یَوٕ (yavụ)

    Devanagari script: यव (yaw)

• Helu Prakrit:
  • Dhivehi: އިއްޔެ (iyye)
  • Sinhalese: ඊයේ (īyē)
• Pali: hiyyo
• Prakrit: 𑀳𑀺𑀚𑁆𑀚𑁄 (hijjo), 𑀳𑀺𑀑 (hio)
  • Helu Prakrit:
    • Dhivehi: އިއްޔެ (iyye)
    • Sinhalese: ඊයේ (īyē)
  • Khasa Prakrit:
    • Nepali: हिजो (hijo)
  • Sauraseni Prakrit:
    • Romani: idž, ič, iž, jič, jidž
• → Hindi: ह्यः (hyaḥ)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “ह्यस्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1306.
• Hellwig, Oliver (2010-2024) “hyas”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
• Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “ह्यस्”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan, page 1767
• Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “ह्यस्”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 381
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “hiyás”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 815