توج

See also: بوح, پوچ, بوچ, and نوح

Arabic

Root
ت و ج (t-w-j)

Etymology 1

Denominal verb of تَاج (tāj, “crown”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /taw.wa.d͡ʒa/

Verb

تَوَّجَ • (tawwaja) II, non-past يُتَوِّجُ‎ (yutawwiju)

1. to crown

   تُوِّجَ اللَّاعِبُ بَطَلًا. ― tuwwija l-lāʕibu baṭalan. ― The athlete was crowned champion.

2. to coronate

Conjugation

Conjugation of

تَوَّجَ

(form-II sound)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						تَتْوِيج tatwīj
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						مُتَوِّج mutawwij
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مُتَوَّج mutawwaj
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	تَوَّجْتُ tawwajtu	تَوَّجْتَ tawwajta	تَوَّجَ tawwaja		تَوَّجْتُمَا tawwajtumā	تَوَّجَا tawwajā		تَوَّجْنَا tawwajnā	تَوَّجْتُمْ tawwajtum	تَوَّجُوا tawwajū
	f		تَوَّجْتِ tawwajti	تَوَّجَتْ tawwajat			تَوَّجَتَا tawwajatā			تَوَّجْتُنَّ tawwajtunna	تَوَّجْنَ tawwajna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُتَوِّجُ ʔutawwiju	تُتَوِّجُ tutawwiju	يُتَوِّجُ yutawwiju		تُتَوِّجَانِ tutawwijāni	يُتَوِّجَانِ yutawwijāni		نُتَوِّجُ nutawwiju	تُتَوِّجُونَ tutawwijūna	يُتَوِّجُونَ yutawwijūna
	f		تُتَوِّجِينَ tutawwijīna	تُتَوِّجُ tutawwiju			تُتَوِّجَانِ tutawwijāni			تُتَوِّجْنَ tutawwijna	يُتَوِّجْنَ yutawwijna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُتَوِّجَ ʔutawwija	تُتَوِّجَ tutawwija	يُتَوِّجَ yutawwija		تُتَوِّجَا tutawwijā	يُتَوِّجَا yutawwijā		نُتَوِّجَ nutawwija	تُتَوِّجُوا tutawwijū	يُتَوِّجُوا yutawwijū
	f		تُتَوِّجِي tutawwijī	تُتَوِّجَ tutawwija			تُتَوِّجَا tutawwijā			تُتَوِّجْنَ tutawwijna	يُتَوِّجْنَ yutawwijna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُتَوِّجْ ʔutawwij	تُتَوِّجْ tutawwij	يُتَوِّجْ yutawwij		تُتَوِّجَا tutawwijā	يُتَوِّجَا yutawwijā		نُتَوِّجْ nutawwij	تُتَوِّجُوا tutawwijū	يُتَوِّجُوا yutawwijū
	f		تُتَوِّجِي tutawwijī	تُتَوِّجْ tutawwij			تُتَوِّجَا tutawwijā			تُتَوِّجْنَ tutawwijna	يُتَوِّجْنَ yutawwijna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		تَوِّجْ tawwij			تَوِّجَا tawwijā				تَوِّجُوا tawwijū
	f		تَوِّجِي tawwijī							تَوِّجْنَ tawwijna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	تُوِّجْتُ tuwwijtu	تُوِّجْتَ tuwwijta	تُوِّجَ tuwwija		تُوِّجْتُمَا tuwwijtumā	تُوِّجَا tuwwijā		تُوِّجْنَا tuwwijnā	تُوِّجْتُمْ tuwwijtum	تُوِّجُوا tuwwijū
	f		تُوِّجْتِ tuwwijti	تُوِّجَتْ tuwwijat			تُوِّجَتَا tuwwijatā			تُوِّجْتُنَّ tuwwijtunna	تُوِّجْنَ tuwwijna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُتَوَّجُ ʔutawwaju	تُتَوَّجُ tutawwaju	يُتَوَّجُ yutawwaju		تُتَوَّجَانِ tutawwajāni	يُتَوَّجَانِ yutawwajāni		نُتَوَّجُ nutawwaju	تُتَوَّجُونَ tutawwajūna	يُتَوَّجُونَ yutawwajūna
	f		تُتَوَّجِينَ tutawwajīna	تُتَوَّجُ tutawwaju			تُتَوَّجَانِ tutawwajāni			تُتَوَّجْنَ tutawwajna	يُتَوَّجْنَ yutawwajna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُتَوَّجَ ʔutawwaja	تُتَوَّجَ tutawwaja	يُتَوَّجَ yutawwaja		تُتَوَّجَا tutawwajā	يُتَوَّجَا yutawwajā		نُتَوَّجَ nutawwaja	تُتَوَّجُوا tutawwajū	يُتَوَّجُوا yutawwajū
	f		تُتَوَّجِي tutawwajī	تُتَوَّجَ tutawwaja			تُتَوَّجَا tutawwajā			تُتَوَّجْنَ tutawwajna	يُتَوَّجْنَ yutawwajna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُتَوَّجْ ʔutawwaj	تُتَوَّجْ tutawwaj	يُتَوَّجْ yutawwaj		تُتَوَّجَا tutawwajā	يُتَوَّجَا yutawwajā		نُتَوَّجْ nutawwaj	تُتَوَّجُوا tutawwajū	يُتَوَّجُوا yutawwajū
	f		تُتَوَّجِي tutawwajī	تُتَوَّجْ tutawwaj			تُتَوَّجَا tutawwajā			تُتَوَّجْنَ tutawwajna	يُتَوَّجْنَ yutawwajna

Etymology 2

From Ottoman Turkish توج (tuc, tuç).

Alternative forms

• تُونْج (tunj)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tuːd͡ʒ/

Noun

تُوج • (tūj) m

1. (archaic) bronze

   Synonyms: فِلِزّ (filizz), بُرُونْز (burūnz)

Declension

Declension of noun تُوج (tūj)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	تُوج tūj	التُّوج at-tūj	تُوج tūj
Nominative	تُوجٌ tūjun	التُّوجُ at-tūju	تُوجُ tūju
Accusative	تُوجًا tūjan	التُّوجَ at-tūja	تُوجَ tūja
Genitive	تُوجٍ tūjin	التُّوجِ at-tūji	تُوجِ tūji

References

• Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “توج”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎^[1] (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 154b
• Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “تونج”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎^[2] (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 147b

Karakhanid

Etymology

Inherited from Common Turkic *tūč (“bronze”). Cognate with Turkish tunç.

Noun

تُوجْ (tūč)

1. a yellowish metal, presumably bronze

   اُلْ تُوجُغ يُلْرِتّٖى ― Ol tūčuğ yolrïttï̄. ― He burnished and polished the bronze.

References

• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “tu:ç”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 449

Further reading

• al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume III, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 120

Ottoman Turkish

Alternative forms

• تونج (tunc, tunç), طونج (tunc, tunç).

Etymology

Inherited from Common Turkic *tūč (“bronze”).

Noun

تۉج • (tuc, tuç)

1. bronze

Descendants

• Turkish: tunç
• → Albanian: tuç, tunxh, tunsh, tuç, trunç, trunxh, truxh (archaic)
• → Arabic: تُوج (tūj), تُونْج (tunj) (archaic)
• → Armenian: թուջ (tʻuǰ)
• → Aromanian: tuciu, tunge, tungiu
• → Bulgarian: туч (tuč), тунч (tunč) (archaic)
• → Crimean Tatar: tunç, tuç
• → Georgian:
• → Greek: τούντζι (toúntzi), τούντζυ (toúntzy)
• → Kurdish:

  Northern Kurdish: tûnc, tunc, tûc

• → Macedonian: туч (tuč) (archaic)
• → Persian: توج (tuj) (archaic)
• → Romanian: tuci
• → Serbo-Croatian: (archaic)

  Cyrillic script: ту̏ч

  Latin script: tȕč

References

• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 449, calls تونج (tunc, tunç) a more recent and secondary formation, and the Persian a Turkish loanword
• Doerfer, Gerhard (1975) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission)‎^[3] (in German), volume 4, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, pages 276–277, but here the Kurdish is said from Azerbaijani
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “توج”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[4], Constantinople: Mihran, page 411b
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “تونج”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[5], Constantinople: Mihran, page 418a
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “توج”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[6], Vienna, column 1453, does not even have the recent تونج (tunc, tunç) variant
• Поленаковиќ, Харалампие (2007) “1546. TÚNGSE”, in Зузана Тополињска, Петар Атанасов, editors, Турските елементи во ароманскиот [Turskite elementi vo aromanskiot]‎^[7], put into Macedonian from the author’s Serbo-Croatian Turski elementi u aromunskom dijalektu (1939, unpublished) by Веселинка Лаброска, Скопје: Македонска академија на науките и уметностите [Makedonska akademija na naukite i umetnostite], →ISBN, page 187

South Levantine Arabic

Root
ت و ج
1 term

Etymology

From Arabic تَوَّجَ (tawwaja).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /taw.waʒ/, [ˈtaw.waʒ], [ˈtaw.wad͡ʒ]

• Audio (al-Lidd)

  (file)

Verb

توّج • (tawwaj) II (present بتوّج (bitawwej))

1. to crown

Conjugation

Conjugation of توّج (tawwaj)
		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	توّجت (tawwajt)	توّجت (tawwajt)	توّج (tawwaj)		توّجنا (tawwajna)	توّجتو (tawwajtu)	توّجو (tawwaju)
	f		توّجتي (tawwajti)	توّجت (tawwajat)
present	m	بتوّج (batawwej)	بتتوّج (bittawwej)	بتوّج (bitawwej)		منتوّج (mintawwej)	بتتوّجو (bittawwju)	بتوّجو (bitawwju)
	f		بتتوّجي (bittawwji)	بتتوّج (bittawwej)
subjunctive	m	اتوّج (atawwej)	تتوّج (ttawwej)	يتوّج (ytawwej)		نتوّج (ntawwej)	تتوّجو (ttawwju)	يتوّجو (ytawwju)
	f		تتوّجي (ttawwji)	تتوّج (ttawwej)
imperative	m		توّج (tawwej)				توّجو (tawwju)
	f		توّجي (tawwji)