खदिर
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Sanskrit[edit]
Alternative scripts[edit]
Alternative scripts
- খদিৰ (Assamese script)
- ᬔᬤᬶᬭ (Balinese script)
- খদির (Bengali script)
- 𑰏𑰟𑰰𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀔𑀤𑀺𑀭 (Brahmi script)
- ခဒိရ (Burmese script)
- ખદિર (Gujarati script)
- ਖਦਿਰ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌖𑌦𑌿𑌰 (Grantha script)
- ꦑꦢꦶꦫ (Javanese script)
- 𑂎𑂠𑂱𑂩 (Kaithi script)
- ಖದಿರ (Kannada script)
- ខទិរ (Khmer script)
- ຂທິຣ (Lao script)
- ഖദിര (Malayalam script)
- ᡘᠠᡩᡳᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘏𑘟𑘱𑘨 (Modi script)
- ᠻᠠᢑᠢᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦯𑦿𑧒𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐏𑐡𑐶𑐬 (Newa script)
- ଖଦିର (Odia script)
- ꢓꢣꢶꢬ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆒𑆢𑆴𑆫 (Sharada script)
- 𑖏𑖟𑖰𑖨 (Siddham script)
- ඛදිර (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩝𑩭𑩑𑩼 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚋𑚛𑚮𑚤 (Takri script)
- க²தி³ர (Tamil script)
- ఖదిర (Telugu script)
- ขทิร (Thai script)
- ཁ་དི་ར (Tibetan script)
- 𑒐𑒠𑒱𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨌𑨛𑨁𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology[edit]
Of uncertain origin.
Due to its presence in Vedic texts, an Indo-European origin has been sought; however, little has been found. खद् (khad, “to be steady, be hard”) is apparently a back-formation from खदिर (khadira), and proposed relations to खाद् (khād) are phonetically and semantically unconvincing.
Due to the plant's status as native to South and Southeast Asia, it could be a loanword from a local language, such as Dravidian or Munda.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
खदिर • (khadira) stem, m
- the catechu tree, Senegalia catechu, a deciduous, thorny tree known for its hard wood and multi-purpose heartwood extract
Declension[edit]
| Masculine a-stem declension of खदिर (khadira) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | खदिरः khadiraḥ |
खदिरौ / खदिरा¹ khadirau / khadirā¹ |
खदिराः / खदिरासः¹ khadirāḥ / khadirāsaḥ¹ |
| Vocative | खदिर khadira |
खदिरौ / खदिरा¹ khadirau / khadirā¹ |
खदिराः / खदिरासः¹ khadirāḥ / khadirāsaḥ¹ |
| Accusative | खदिरम् khadiram |
खदिरौ / खदिरा¹ khadirau / khadirā¹ |
खदिरान् khadirān |
| Instrumental | खदिरेण khadireṇa |
खदिराभ्याम् khadirābhyām |
खदिरैः / खदिरेभिः¹ khadiraiḥ / khadirebhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | खदिराय khadirāya |
खदिराभ्याम् khadirābhyām |
खदिरेभ्यः khadirebhyaḥ |
| Ablative | खदिरात् khadirāt |
खदिराभ्याम् khadirābhyām |
खदिरेभ्यः khadirebhyaḥ |
| Genitive | खदिरस्य khadirasya |
खदिरयोः khadirayoḥ |
खदिराणाम् khadirāṇām |
| Locative | खदिरे khadire |
खदिरयोः khadirayoḥ |
खदिरेषु khadireṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
References[edit]
- Monier Williams (1899) “खदिर”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 336/3.
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 445
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1956) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 301