hard

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See also härd, and hård

Contents

English [edit]

Etymology [edit]

From Middle English, from Old English heard (“hard”), from Proto-Germanic *harduz, from Proto-Indo-European *kert-, *kret- (“strong; powerful”). Cognate with West Frisian hurd, Dutch hard, Low German hard, hart, German hart, Danish hård.

Pronunciation [edit]

Adjective [edit]

hard (comparative harder, superlative hardest)

  1. Resistant to pressure.
    This bread is so stale and hard, I can barely cut it.
  2. Requiring a lot of effort to do or understand
    a hard problem
    • 1988, An Oracle, Edmund White
      Ray found it hard to imagine having accumulated so many mannerisms before the dawn of sex, of the sexual need to please, of the staginess sex encourages or the tightly capped wells of poisoned sexual desire the disappointed must stand guard over.
  3. Demanding a lot of effort to endure.
    a hard life
  4. (of a person) severe, harsh, unfriendly, brutal.
  5. Unquestionable.
    hard evidence
    • 2011 December 19, Kerry Brown, “Kim Jong-il obituary”, The Guardian:
      Unsurprisingly for a man who went into mourning for three years after the death in 1994 of his own father, the legendary leader Kim Il-sung, and who in the first 30 years of his political career made no public statements, even to his own people, Kim's career is riddled with claims, counter claims, speculation, and contradiction. There are few hard facts about his birth and early years.
  6. Of drink, strong.
  7. (of a road intersection) Having a comparatively larger or a ninety-degree angle.
    At the intersection, there are two roads going to the left. Take the hard left.
  8. Of water, high in dissolved calcium compounds.
  9. (slang, vulgar, of a male) Sexually aroused.
    I got so hard watching two hot girls wrestle each other on the beach.
  10. (bodybuilding) Having muscles that are tightened as a result of intense, regular exercise.
  11. (physics) Of a ferromagnetic material, having the capability of being a permanent magnet by being a material with high magnetic coercivity (compare soft)

Synonyms [edit]

Antonyms [edit]

Derived terms [edit]

Terms derived from hard

Translations [edit]

resistant to pressure
requiring a lot of effort to do or understand
demanding a lot of effort to endure
severe, of a person
unquestionable
of drink: strong
of water, high in dissolved calcium compounds
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Help:How to check translations.
Translations to be checked

Adverb [edit]

hard (comparative harder, superlative hardest)

  1. (manner) With much force or effort.
    He hit the puck hard up the ice.
    They worked hard all week.
    At the intersection, bear hard left.
    The recession hit them especially hard.
    Think hard on your choices.
    • 1985, Michael A. Arbib, In search of the person: philosophical explorations in cognitive science, page 119:
      What, then, of the voluntarist's sense that one often has to think long and hard before making agonizing choices?
  2. (manner) With difficulty.
    His degree was hard earned.
  3. (manner) Compactly.
    The lake had finally frozen hard.
  4. (now archaic) Near, close.
    • 1999, George RR Martin, A Clash of Kings, Bantam 2011, p. 418:
      It was another long day's march before they glimpsed the towers of Harrenhal in the distance, hard beside the blue waters of the lake.

Translations [edit]

with much force or effort (related to act of think)

Noun [edit]

hard (plural hards)

  1. (nautical) A firm or paved beach or slope convenient for hauling vessels out of the water

Statistics [edit]

Dutch [edit]

Etymology [edit]

From Middle Dutch hart, from Old Dutch hart, from Proto-Germanic *harduz, from Proto-Indo-European *kert-, *kret- (“strong; powerful”). Compare German hart, English hard, Danish hård.

Pronunciation [edit]

Adjective [edit]

hard (comparative harder, superlative hardst)

  1. (objects) hard, strong
  2. (numismatics) strong, not easily devalued
  3. unquestionable, uncontestable
    harde feiten: hard facts
  4. (emotion) heartless, unsympathetic
  5. hard, difficult
    een harde strijd: a difficult fight
  6. (magnitude) harsh, heavy
    harde straffen: harsh punishments
    een harde regen: heavy rain
  7. (water) hard, rich in calcium

Declension [edit]

Declension of hard
positive comparative superlative
attributive predicative/adverbial
predicative/adverbial hard harder
neuter
singular		 indefinite hard harder
definite harde hardere hardste hardst, hardste
common singular harde hardere hardste hardste
plural harde hardere hardste hardste
partitive hards harders

Antonyms [edit]

  • resistant to pressure: zacht

Derived terms [edit]

Adverb [edit]

hard

  1. (speed) fast, swiftly
    Ik heb een bekeuring gekregen omdat ik te hard heb gereden.
    I got a ticket because I drove too fast.
  2. very
  3. (noise) loudly

Verb [edit]

hard

  1. first-person singular present indicative of harden
  2. imperative of harden

French [edit]

Etymology [edit]

Borrowing from English hard

Pronunciation [edit]

Adjective [edit]

hard (masculine and feminine, plural hards)

  1. (of pornography) hardcore
    Des photos hards.

Noun [edit]

hard m (plural hards)

  1. hardcore pornography
    Le Journal du hard est une émission de Canal + dédiée au cinéma pornographique.

Irish [edit]

Pronunciation [edit]

  • IPA: [haːɾˠd̪ˠ]

Adjective [edit]

hard

  1. Mutated form of ard.

Norwegian Bokmål [edit]

Etymology [edit]

From Old Norse harðr, from Proto-Germanic *harduz, Proto-Indo-European *kert-, *kret- (“strong; powerful”).

Adjective [edit]

hard

  1. hard
  2. hard, stern, severe
  3. hardy

Norwegian Nynorsk [edit]

Etymology [edit]

From Old Norse harðr, from Proto-Germanic *harduz, from Proto-Indo-European *kert-, *kret- (“strong; powerful”).

Adjective [edit]

hard

  1. hard
  2. hard, stern, severe
  3. hardy

Old Saxon [edit]

Etymology [edit]

From Proto-Germanic *harduz, whence also Old English heard, Old Dutch hart, Old Frisian herd, Old Norse harðr, Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌿𐍃 (hardus). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kert-, *kret- (“strong; powerful”).

Adjective [edit]

hard (comparative hardiro, superlative hardist)

  1. hard

Declension [edit]

Declension of hard
Strong declension
masculine neuter feminine
singular plural singular plural singular plural
nominative hard harde hard harde hard hardu
accusative hardan harde hard harde harda hardu
genitive hardes hardarō hardes hardarō hardaro hardarō
dative hardumu hardum hardumu hardum hardaro hardum
Weak declension
masculine neuter feminine
singular plural singular plural singular plural
nominative hardo hardu harda hardu harda hardu
accusative hardun hardun harda hardun hardun hardun
genitive hardun hardonō hardun hardonō hardun hardonō
dative hardun hardum hardun hardum hardun hardum


Derived terms [edit]

Descendants [edit]

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