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See also:
U+96E3, 難
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-96E3

[U+96E2]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+96E4]

U+FA68, 難
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA68

[U+FA67]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs
[U+FA69]
U+FAC7, 難
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FAC7

[U+FAC6]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs
[U+FAC8]

Translingual[edit]

Traditional
Simplified
Japanese
Korean

Alternative forms[edit]

  • In traditional Chinese, Japanese kyūjitai, Korean hanja and Vietnamese Nôm, the component 𦰩󠄂 for this character is written with 廿 on top. Note that the bottom portion is written overlapped by and not on top of .
  • In Japanese shinjitai, the component 𦰩 is written with on top and has one stroke less. Due to Han unification, both traditional Chinese and Japanese forms are encoded under the same code point. The appearance of this character will differ according to the font used.
  • In simplified Chinese, the component 𦰩󠄂 is simplified to instead, giving the character (U+96BE).
  • Two compatibility ideographs exist for this character. U+FA68 corresponds to the kyūjitai form of this character while U+FAC7 corresponds to the alternative Korean form which is similar to Japanese shinjitai.

Han character[edit]

(Kangxi radical 172, +11 in Chinese and Korean, 隹+10 in Japanese, 19 strokes in Chinese and Korean, 18 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 廿人人土 (TOOG) or 廿戈人土 (TIOG), four-corner 40514, composition ⿰⿱廿(GHTKV or U+FA68) or 𦰩(J or U+FAC7))

Derived characters[edit]

Related characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1370, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42128
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1876, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4108, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+96E3

Chinese[edit]

trad.
simp.
alternative forms

Glyph origin[edit]

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *n̥ʰaːn, *naːns): abbreviated phonetic (OC *hnaːnʔ, *hnaːns) + semantic (bird) – a type of bird. Phonetically borrowed for other senses.

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *na-n/t (ill, pain, difficult, evil spirit).

Cognate with Tibetan མནར (mnar, to suffer; suffering), (na, to be sick, ill), ནན་ཏེ (nan te, sick, ill), ནད (nad, disease, suffering), Burmese နာ (na, to suffer pain, to be ill), နတ် (nat, nat (spirit), evil spirit).

Pronunciation 1[edit]


Note: lang5 - Chaozhou.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 難 (易)
Mandarin Beijing /nan³⁵/
Harbin /nan²⁴/
Tianjin /nan⁴⁵/
Jinan /nã⁴²/
Qingdao /nã⁴²/
Zhengzhou /nan⁴²/
Xi'an /nã²⁴/
Xining /nã²⁴/
Yinchuan /nan⁵³/
Lanzhou /lɛ̃n⁵³/
Ürümqi /nan⁵¹/
Wuhan /nan²¹³/
Chengdu /nan³¹/
Guiyang /nan²¹/
Kunming /nã̠³¹/
Nanjing /laŋ²⁴/
Hefei /læ̃⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /næ̃¹¹/
Pingyao /nɑŋ¹³/
Hohhot /næ̃³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ne²³/
Suzhou /ne̞¹³/
Hangzhou /nẽ̞²¹³/
Wenzhou /na³¹/
Hui Shexian /lɛ⁴⁴/
Tunxi /lɔ⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /lan¹³/
Xiangtan /nan¹²/
Gan Nanchang /lan⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /nan¹¹/
Taoyuan /nɑn¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /nan²¹/
Nanning /nan²¹/
Hong Kong /nan²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /lan³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /naŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /nuiŋ³³/
Shantou (Teochew) /laŋ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /naŋ³¹/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2
Initial () (8)
Final () (61)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Baxter nan
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/nɑn/
Pan
Wuyun
/nɑn/
Shao
Rongfen
/nɑn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/nan/
Li
Rong
/nɑn/
Wang
Li
/nɑn/
Bernard
Karlgren
/nɑn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
nán
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
naan4
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
nán
Middle
Chinese
‹ nan ›
Old
Chinese
/*nˁar/
English difficult

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2
No. 4897
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*n̥ʰaːn/
Notes 駿

Definitions[edit]

  1. difficult; hard; troublesome
    Antonym: ()
    為人父母为人父母  ―  Wéirén fùmǔ hěn nán.  ―  it is difficult being a parent.
    工作非常工作非常  ―  Zhè xiàng gōngzuò fēicháng nán.  ―  This job is very hard.
  2. bad; unpleasant
      ―  nánkàn  ―  ugly
      ―  nántīng  ―  unpleasant to the ear
  3. to feel difficult; to find difficult
  4. to make things difficult for; to put someone in a difficult position
  5. difficulty; something which is difficult; issue
  6. 79th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "difficulties" (𝍔)
  7. Alternative form of 𫺷 (nǎn, to dread; to fear)
  8. Alternative form of (sacrificial rites for getting rid of bogeys)
Synonyms[edit]
Antonyms[edit]
Compounds[edit]

Pronunciation 2[edit]


Note: lang7 - Chaozhou.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 難 (遭)
Mandarin Beijing /nan⁵¹/
Harbin /nan⁵³/
Tianjin /nan⁵³/
Jinan /nã²¹/
Qingdao /nã⁴²/
Zhengzhou /nan³¹²/
Xi'an /nã⁴⁴/
Xining /nã²¹³/
Yinchuan /nan¹³/
Lanzhou /lɛ̃n¹³/
Ürümqi /nan²¹³/
Wuhan /nan³⁵/
Chengdu /nan¹³/
Guiyang /nan²¹³/
Kunming /nã̠²¹²/
Nanjing /laŋ⁴⁴/
Hefei /læ̃⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /næ̃⁴⁵/
Pingyao /nɑŋ³⁵/
Hohhot /næ̃⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /ne²³/
Suzhou /ne̞³¹/
Hangzhou /nẽ̞¹³/
Wenzhou /na²²/
Hui Shexian /lɛ²²/
Tunxi /lɔ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /lan⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /nan⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /lan²¹/
Hakka Meixian /nan⁵³/
Taoyuan /nɑn⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /nan²²/
Nanning /nan²²/
Hong Kong /nan²²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /lan²²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /nɑŋ²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /nuiŋ⁴⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /laŋ³¹/
Haikou (Hainanese) /naŋ³³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 2/2
Initial () (8)
Final () (61)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Baxter nanH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/nɑnH/
Pan
Wuyun
/nɑnH/
Shao
Rongfen
/nɑnH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/nanH/
Li
Rong
/nɑnH/
Wang
Li
/nɑnH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/nɑnH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
nàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
naan6
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
nàn
Middle
Chinese
‹ nanH ›
Old
Chinese
/*nˁar-s/
English difficulty

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 2/2
No. 4900
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*naːns/

Definitions[edit]

  1. disaster; calamity; catastrophe
      ―  zāinàn  ―  disaster, catastrophe
      ―  wēinàn  ―  calamity
      ―  jiénàn  ―  calamity
  2. revolt; attack
  3. enmity; foe
  4. to blame; to scold; to reproach
      ―  zhìnàn  ―  to blame
      ―  fēinàn  ―  to blame
  5. to keep out; to ward off; to refuse
  6. to argue; to debate
Compounds[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Sino-Xenic ():
  • Japanese: (なん) (nan)
  • Korean: 난(難) (nan)
  • Vietnamese: nạn ()

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Shinjitai
Kyūjitai
[1][2]


&#xFA68;
or
+&#xFE00;?
難󠄀
+&#xE0100;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
難󠄄
+&#xE0104;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji[edit]

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanjishinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form )

  1. difficult

Readings[edit]

From Middle Chinese (MC nan|nanH):

From Middle Chinese; compare Mandarin (nuó):

From native Japanese roots:

Compounds[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Kanji in this term
なん
Grade: 6
on’yomi
Alternative spelling
(kyūjitai)

From Middle Chinese (MC nan).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

(なん) (nan

  1. difficulty

References[edit]

  1. ^ ”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia)[1] (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015–2024
  2. ^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 2268 (paper), page 1186 (digital)
  3. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006) 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

(eumhun 어려울 (eoryeoul nan))

  1. Hanja form? of (difficulty).

Compounds[edit]

Tày[edit]

Adjective[edit]

(nàn)

  1. Nôm form of nàn (hard, late).

References[edit]

  • Lục Văn Pảo; Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003), Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎[3] (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

: Hán Nôm readings: nan, nạn, nản, nần, nàn

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.