ard

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "ard"

English[edit]

 ard (plough) on Wikipedia

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Norwegian ard (“plough”), from Old Norse arðr.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

ard (plural ards)

  1. A simple plough consisting of a spike dragged through the soil. [20th c.]

Alternative forms[edit]

Translations[edit]

Anagrams[edit]

Azerbaijani[edit]

Other scripts
Cyrillic ард
Abjad آرد

Etymology[edit]

From Common Turkic *ārt.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

ard (definite accusative ardı, plural ardlar)

  1. back, rear
    Synonyms: arxa, dal
    Antonyms: qabaq, ön
  2. sequel, continuation; something which is continued
    Synonyms: davam, dal

Declension[edit]

    Declension of ard
singular plural
nominative ard
 ardlar
definite accusative ardı
 ardları
dative arda
 ardlara
locative ardda
 ardlarda
ablative arddan
 ardlardan
definite genitive ardın
 ardların
    Possessive forms of ard
nominative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) ardım ardlarım
sənin (“your”) ardın ardların
onun (“his/her/its”) ardı ardları
bizim (“our”) ardımız ardlarımız
sizin (“your”) ardınız ardlarınız
onların (“their”) ardı or ardları ardları
accusative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) ardımı ardlarımı
sənin (“your”) ardını ardlarını
onun (“his/her/its”) ardını ardlarını
bizim (“our”) ardımızı ardlarımızı
sizin (“your”) ardınızı ardlarınızı
onların (“their”) ardını or ardlarını ardlarını
dative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) ardıma ardlarıma
sənin (“your”) ardına ardlarına
onun (“his/her/its”) ardına ardlarına
bizim (“our”) ardımıza ardlarımıza
sizin (“your”) ardınıza ardlarınıza
onların (“their”) ardına or ardlarına ardlarına
locative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) ardımda ardlarımda
sənin (“your”) ardında ardlarında
onun (“his/her/its”) ardında ardlarında
bizim (“our”) ardımızda ardlarımızda
sizin (“your”) ardınızda ardlarınızda
onların (“their”) ardında or ardlarında ardlarında
ablative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) ardımdan ardlarımdan
sənin (“your”) ardından ardlarından
onun (“his/her/its”) ardından ardlarından
bizim (“our”) ardımızdan ardlarımızdan
sizin (“your”) ardınızdan ardlarınızdan
onların (“their”) ardından or ardlarından ardlarından
genitive
singular plural
mənim (“my”) ardımın ardlarımın
sənin (“your”) ardının ardlarının
onun (“his/her/its”) ardının ardlarının
bizim (“our”) ardımızın ardlarımızın
sizin (“your”) ardınızın ardlarınızın
onların (“their”) ardının or ardlarının ardlarının

Derived terms[edit]

Danish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Norse arðr (“plough, ard”), from Proto-Germanic *arþrą, cognate with Swedish årder and Norwegian Bokmål ard (whence (English ard). The Germanic word is related to Latin arātrum (“plough”) and Ancient Greek ἄροτρον (árotron, “plough”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

ard c (singular definite arden, plural indefinite arder)

  1. (historical) plough, ard

Declension[edit]

Declension of ard
common
gender 		Singular Plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative ard arden arder arderne
genitive ards ardens arders ardernes

Irish[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Irish ard,[1] from Proto-Celtic *ardwos (compare Welsh ardd) from Proto-Indo-European *h₃erdʰ- (compare Latin arduus).

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

ard (genitive singular masculine aird, genitive singular feminine airde, plural arda, comparative airde)

  1. high, tall
  2. loud
  3. ambitious

Declension[edit]

Declension of ard
Singular Plural (m/f)
Positive Masculine Feminine (strong noun) (weak noun)
Nominative ard ard arda
Vocative aird arda
Genitive airde arda ard
Dative ard ard;
aird (archaic) 		arda
Comparative níos airde
Superlative is airde

Derived terms[edit]

  • airde f (“height; elevation; altitude; level; volume, pitch”)
  • ard- (“high; arch-, chief; excellent, noble; advanced”)

Noun[edit]

ard m (genitive singular aird, nominative plural arda)

  1. height, hillock
  2. top, high part
  3. elevation (of land)
  4. head (of sand, clay)
  5. rise
  6. ascent

Declension[edit]

Declension of ard

First declension

Bare forms:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative ard arda
Vocative a aird a arda
Genitive aird ard
Dative ard arda

Forms with the definite article:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an t-ard na harda
Genitive an aird na n-ard
Dative leis an ard

don ard

leis na harda

Derived terms[edit]

Mutation[edit]

Irish mutation
Radical Eclipsis with h-prothesis with t-prothesis
ard n-ard hard t-ard
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References[edit]

  1. ^ G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 ard”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  2. ^ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 16
  3. ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 97

Further reading[edit]

Manx[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Irish ard, from Proto-Celtic *ardwos (compare Welsh ardd) from Proto-Indo-European *h₃erdʰwós, from *h₃erdʰ- (compare Latin arduus).

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

ard (plural ardey, comparative yrjey)

  1. high
  2. tall

Noun[edit]

ard m (genitive singular ard, plural ardjyn)

  1. height, high place

Noun[edit]

ard m (genitive singular ard, plural ardjyn)

  1. compass point
  2. pole

Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

Megleno-Romanian[edit]

Verb[edit]

ard

  1. Alternative form of ardu

Northern Kurdish[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Compare Persian آرد (ârd, “flour”), Avestan 𐬀𐬴𐬀 (aṣ̌a, “ground”) and Old Armenian աղամ (ałam).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

ard m (Arabic spelling ئارد)

  1. flour
    Synonym: arvan

Declension[edit]

Declension of ard
Definite masculine gender
Case Singular Plural
Nominative ard ard
Construct ardê ardên
Oblique ardî ardan
Demonstrative oblique wî ardî wan ardan
Vocative ardo ardino
Indefinite masculine gender
Case Singular Plural
Nominative ardek ardin
Construct ardekî ardine
Oblique ardekî ardinan

References[edit]

  • Chyet, Michael L. (2020) “ard”, in Ferhenga Birûskî: Kurmanji–English Dictionary (Language Series; 1), volume 1, London: Transnational Press, page 11

Old Irish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Celtic *ardwos (compare Welsh ardd) from Proto-Indo-European *h₃erdʰwós, from *h₃erdʰ- (compare Latin arduus).

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

ard (equative ardithir, comparative ardu, superlative ardam)

  1. high
    • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 23d23
      Cía thés hí loc bes ardu, ní ardu de; ní samlid són dúnni, air ⟨im⟩mi ardu-ni de tri dul isna lucu arda.
      Though he may go into a higher place, he is not the higher; this is not the case for us, for we are the higher through going into the high places.

Inflection[edit]

o/ā-stem
Singular Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative ard ard ard
Vocative aird*
ard**
Accusative ard aird
Genitive aird ardae aird
Dative ard aird ard
Plural Masculine Feminine/neuter
Nominative aird arda
Vocative ardu
arda†
Accusative ardu
arda†
Genitive ard
Dative ardaib
Notes *modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative

**modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative
† not when substantivized

Noun[edit]

ard n (genitive aird, nominative plural arda)

  1. height

Inflection[edit]

Neuter o-stem
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative ardN ardN ardL, arda
Vocative ardN ardN ardL, arda
Accusative ardN ardN ardL, arda
Genitive airdL ard ardN
Dative ardL ardaib ardaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization

Descendants[edit]

  • Irish: ard
  • Manx: ard
  • Scottish Gaelic: àrd

Mutation[edit]

Old Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Nasalization
ard unchanged n-ard
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading[edit]

Romanian[edit]

Verb[edit]

ard

  1. inflection of arde:
    1. first-person singular present indicative/subjunctive
    2. third-person plural present indicative

Tat[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Cognate with Persian آرد (ârd).

Noun[edit]

ard

  1. flour
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