व्याघ्र

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• ৱ্যাঘ্ৰ (Assamese script)
• ᬯ᭄ᬬᬵᬖ᭄ᬭ (Balinese script)
• ব্যাঘ্র (Bengali script)
• 𑰪𑰿𑰧𑰯𑰑𑰿𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀯𑁆𑀬𑀸𑀖𑁆𑀭 (Brahmi script)
• ဝျာဃြ (Burmese script)
• વ્યાઘ્ર (Gujarati script)
• ਵ੍ਯਾਘ੍ਰ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌵𑍍𑌯𑌾𑌘𑍍𑌰 (Grantha script)
• ꦮꦾꦴꦓꦿ (Javanese script)
• 𑂫𑂹𑂨𑂰𑂐𑂹𑂩 (Kaithi script)
• ವ್ಯಾಘ್ರ (Kannada script)
• វ្យាឃ្រ (Khmer script)
• ວ຺ຍາຆ຺ຣ (Lao script)
• വ്യാഘ്ര (Malayalam script)
• ᠸᠶᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᢚᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘪𑘿𑘧𑘰𑘑𑘿𑘨 (Modi script)
• ᠸᠶ᠋ᠠᢗᠺᠾᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧊𑧠𑧇𑧑𑦱𑧠𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐰𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐑𑑂𑐬 (Newa script)
• ଵ୍ଯାଘ୍ର (Odia script)
• ꢮ꣄ꢫꢵꢕ꣄ꢬ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆮𑇀𑆪𑆳𑆔𑇀𑆫 (Sharada script)
• 𑖪𑖿𑖧𑖯𑖑𑖿𑖨 (Siddham script)
• ව්‍යාඝ්‍ර (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩾 𑪙𑩻𑩛𑩟 𑪙𑩼 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚦𑚶𑚣𑚭𑚍𑚶𑚤 (Takri script)
• வ்யாக்⁴ர (Tamil script)
• వ్యాఘ్ర (Telugu script)
• วฺยาฆฺร (Thai script)
• ཝྱཱ་གྷྲ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒫𑓂𑒨𑒰𑒒𑓂𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨭𑩇𑨪𑨊𑨎𑩇𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Unknown; perhaps from Proto-Indo-Aryan *wiHaHagʰrás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wiHaHagʰrás, from Proto-Indo-European *wih₁-h₂oh₂ogʰró-s, from *weyh₁- (“to chase, pursue”) + *h₂o-h₂o-gʰr-ó-s, from *gʰer- (“yellow, orange”). Possible cognate with Ancient Greek ὠχρός (ōkhrós, “ochre, pale”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ʋjɑːɡʱ.ɾɐ́/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈʋjɑːɡʱ.ɾɐ/

Noun

व्याघ्र • (vyāghrá) stem, m

1. a tiger (not in RV., but in AV., often mentioned with the lion; according to R. III, 30, 26, शार्दूली (śārdūlī) is the mythical mother of tigers; but in वह्निपुराण (vahni-purāṇa) they are said to be the offspring of कश्यप (kaśyapa)'s wife दंष्ट्रा (daṃṣṭrā); compare चित्रव्याघ्र (citra-vyāghra)) (AV. etc.)
2. any pre-eminently strong or noble person, "a tiger among men" (compare ऋषभ (ṛṣabha), सिंह (siṃha))
3. Millettia pinnata (L.)
4. a red variety of the castor-oil plant (L.)
5. name of a rākṣasa (VP.)
6. name of a king (Rājat.)
7. name of various authors (also abridged from व्याघ्रपद् (vyāghra-pad)) (Cat.)

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of व्याघ्र (vyāghrá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	व्याघ्रः vyāghráḥ	व्याघ्रौ / व्याघ्रा¹ vyāghraú / vyāghrā́¹	व्याघ्राः / व्याघ्रासः¹ vyāghrā́ḥ / vyāghrā́saḥ¹
Vocative	व्याघ्र vyā́ghra	व्याघ्रौ / व्याघ्रा¹ vyā́ghrau / vyā́ghrā¹	व्याघ्राः / व्याघ्रासः¹ vyā́ghrāḥ / vyā́ghrāsaḥ¹
Accusative	व्याघ्रम् vyāghrám	व्याघ्रौ / व्याघ्रा¹ vyāghraú / vyāghrā́¹	व्याघ्रान् vyāghrā́n
Instrumental	व्याघ्रेण vyāghréṇa	व्याघ्राभ्याम् vyāghrā́bhyām	व्याघ्रैः / व्याघ्रेभिः¹ vyāghraíḥ / vyāghrébhiḥ¹
Dative	व्याघ्राय vyāghrā́ya	व्याघ्राभ्याम् vyāghrā́bhyām	व्याघ्रेभ्यः vyāghrébhyaḥ
Ablative	व्याघ्रात् vyāghrā́t	व्याघ्राभ्याम् vyāghrā́bhyām	व्याघ्रेभ्यः vyāghrébhyaḥ
Genitive	व्याघ्रस्य vyāghrásya	व्याघ्रयोः vyāghráyoḥ	व्याघ्राणाम् vyāghrā́ṇām
Locative	व्याघ्रे vyāghré	व्याघ्रयोः vyāghráyoḥ	व्याघ्रेषु vyāghréṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

• Dardic:
  • Shina: بگ (băg)
• Pali: byaggha, vyaggha
• Prakrit: 𑀯𑀕𑁆𑀖 (vaggha)
  • Central:
    • Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀯𑀕𑁆𑀖 (vaggha)
      • Gujarati: વાઘ (vāgh)
      • Hindustani: bāgh

        Hindi: बाघ

        Urdu: باگھ

      • Saurashtra: ꢮꢵꢔ꣄ (vāg)
    • Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀯𑀕𑁆𑀖 (vaggha)
      • Awadhi: बाघ (bāgh)
  • Eastern:
    • Magadhi Prakrit: *𑀩𑀸𑀕𑁆𑀖 (*bāggha)
      • Assamese: বাঘ (bagh)
      • Bengali: বাঘ (bagh)
      • Bihari:
        • Bhojpuri: bāgh

          Devanagari script: बाघ

          Kaithi script: 𑂥𑂰𑂐

        • Maithili: बाघ (bāgh)
      • Bishnupriya Manipuri: বাঘ
      • Odia: ବାଘ (bāgha)
      • Rohingya: bag
      • Sylheti: ꠛꠣꠊ (bagó)
      • Tanchangya: 𑄝𑄊𑄴 (bagh)
  • Northern:
    • Khasa Prakrit:
      • Central Pahari:
        • Garhwali: बाग (bāg)
        • Kumaoni: बाग (bāg)
      • Eastern Pahari:
        • Nepali: बाघ (bāgh), बाग (bāg)
      • Western Pahari:
        • Bhadrawahi: ढ्ळाह्ग (ḍhḷāhg), ढ्ळाग (ḍhḷāg)
        • Churahi: ब्राह्ग (brāhg)
        • Kangri: बराघ (barāgh)
  • Northwestern:
    • Paisaci Prakrit:
      • Takka Apabhramsa:
        • Punjabi: bāgh

          Gurmukhi script: ਬਾਘ

          Shahmukhi script: باگھ

      • Vracada Apabhramsa:
        • Sindhi: vāghu

          Arabic script: وَاگهُ

          Devanagari script: वाघु

          • Jadgali: [script needed] (brāgg)
  • Southern:
    • Helu Prakrit:
      • Dhivehi: ވަގު (vagu)
      • Sinhalese: වග (waga)
    • Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀯𑀕𑁆𑀖 (vaggha)
      • Konkani: vāgu

        Devanagari script: वागु

        Latin script: vagu

        Kannada script: ವಾಗು

      • Marathi: वाघ (vāgh)

Borrowed terms

• → Old Armenian: վագր (vagr) (perhaps via an Iranian borrowing)
• → Old Georgian: ვიგრი (vigri) (perhaps via an Iranian borrowing)
• → Malayalam: വ്യാഘ്രം (vyāghraṁ)
• → Telugu: వ్యాఘ్రము (vyāghramu)
• →? English: Viagra

References

• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “vyaghra”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 706