स्फटिक

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit स्फटिक (sphaṭika)

Pronunciation

• (Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /spʰə.ʈɪk/, [spʰɐ.ʈɪk]

Noun

स्फटिक • (sphaṭik) m

1. quartz; rock-crystal
2. crystal

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• স্ফটিক (Assamese script)
• ᬲ᭄ᬨᬝᬶᬓ (Balinese script)
• স্ফটিক (Bengali script)
• 𑰭𑰿𑰣𑰘𑰰𑰎 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀲𑁆𑀨𑀝𑀺𑀓 (Brahmi script)
• သ္ဖဋိက (Burmese script)
• સ્ફટિક (Gujarati script)
• ਸ੍ਫਟਿਕ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌸𑍍𑌫𑌟𑌿𑌕 (Grantha script)
• ꦱ꧀ꦦꦛꦶꦏ (Javanese script)
• 𑂮𑂹𑂤𑂗𑂱𑂍 (Kaithi script)
• ಸ್ಫಟಿಕ (Kannada script)
• ស្ផដិក (Khmer script)
• ສ຺ຜຏິກ (Lao script)
• സ്ഫടിക (Malayalam script)
• ᠰᡦᠠᢞᡳᡬᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘭𑘿𑘣𑘘𑘱𑘎 (Modi script)
• ᠰᠹᠠᢌᠢᢉᠠ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧍𑧠𑧃𑦸𑧒𑦮 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐳𑑂𑐦𑐚𑐶𑐎 (Newa script)
• ସ୍ଫଟିକ (Odia script)
• ꢱ꣄ꢧꢜꢶꢒ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆱𑇀𑆦𑆛𑆴𑆑 (Sharada script)
• 𑖭𑖿𑖣𑖘𑖰𑖎 (Siddham script)
• ස‍්ඵටික (Sinhalese script)
• 𑪁 𑪙𑩱𑩦𑩑𑩜 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚨𑚶𑚟𑚔𑚮𑚊 (Takri script)
• ஸ்ப²டிக (Tamil script)
• స్ఫటిక (Telugu script)
• สฺผฏิก (Thai script)
• སྥ་ཊི་ཀ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒮𑓂𑒤𑒙𑒱𑒏 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨰𑩇𑨟𑨔𑨁𑨋 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Unknown. The word is traditionally associated with the root स्फट् (sphaṭ, “to burst forth”), possibly going back to Proto-Indo-European *(s)bʰel- (“to burst forth”) with a -t- extension.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /spʰɐ.ʈi.kɐ/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈs̪pʰɐ.ʈi.kɐ/

Noun

स्फटिक • (sphaṭika) stem, m or n

1. crystal; quartz
   • c. 500 BCE – 300 BCE, Śvetāśvataropaniṣad 2.11:

     नीहारधूमार्कानिलानलानां खद्योतविद्युत्स्फटिकशशीनाम् ।
     एतानि रूपाणि पुरःसराणि ब्रह्मण्यभिव्यक्तिकराणि योगे ॥

     nīhāradhūmārkānilānalānāṃ khadyotavidyutsphaṭikaśaśīnām.
     etāni rūpāṇi puraḥsarāṇi brahmaṇyabhivyaktikarāṇi yoge.

     Mist-smoke-sunshine-wind-fires, firefly-lightning-crystal-moons,
     These forms in yoga are the forerunners, bringers of manifestation unto brahman.

   • c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata 3.212.13:

     आस्यात्सुगन्धि तेजश्च अस्थिभ्यो देवदारु च ।
     श्लेष्मणः स्फटिकं तस्य पित्तान्मरकतं तथा ॥

     āsyātsugandhi tejaśca asthibhyo devadāru ca.
     śleṣmaṇaḥ sphaṭikaṃ tasya pittānmarakataṃ tathā.

     From (his) mouth (came) the fragrant heat, his bones the deodar tree,
     His phlegm the quartz, and likewise his bile the emerald.

   • c. 400 BCE – 200 CE, Cāṇakya, Arthaśāstra 2.11.32:

     शुद्धस्फटिको मूलाटवर्णः शीतवृष्टिः सूर्यकान्तश्च । इति मणयः ॥

     śuddhasphaṭiko mūlāṭavarṇaḥ śītavṛṣṭiḥ sūryakāntaśca. iti maṇayaḥ.

     The pure crystal, the mūlāṭavarṇa, the śītavṛṣṭi ("cool-rainwater"), and the sun-stone; such are the gems.

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of स्फटिक (sphaṭika)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	स्फटिकः sphaṭikaḥ	स्फटिकौ / स्फटिका¹ sphaṭikau / sphaṭikā¹	स्फटिकाः / स्फटिकासः¹ sphaṭikāḥ / sphaṭikāsaḥ¹
Vocative	स्फटिक sphaṭika	स्फटिकौ / स्फटिका¹ sphaṭikau / sphaṭikā¹	स्फटिकाः / स्फटिकासः¹ sphaṭikāḥ / sphaṭikāsaḥ¹
Accusative	स्फटिकम् sphaṭikam	स्फटिकौ / स्फटिका¹ sphaṭikau / sphaṭikā¹	स्फटिकान् sphaṭikān
Instrumental	स्फटिकेन sphaṭikena	स्फटिकाभ्याम् sphaṭikābhyām	स्फटिकैः / स्फटिकेभिः¹ sphaṭikaiḥ / sphaṭikebhiḥ¹
Dative	स्फटिकाय sphaṭikāya	स्फटिकाभ्याम् sphaṭikābhyām	स्फटिकेभ्यः sphaṭikebhyaḥ
Ablative	स्फटिकात् sphaṭikāt	स्फटिकाभ्याम् sphaṭikābhyām	स्फटिकेभ्यः sphaṭikebhyaḥ
Genitive	स्फटिकस्य sphaṭikasya	स्फटिकयोः sphaṭikayoḥ	स्फटिकानाम् sphaṭikānām
Locative	स्फटिके sphaṭike	स्फटिकयोः sphaṭikayoḥ	स्फटिकेषु sphaṭikeṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Neuter a-stem declension of स्फटिक (sphaṭika)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	स्फटिकम् sphaṭikam	स्फटिके sphaṭike	स्फटिकानि / स्फटिका¹ sphaṭikāni / sphaṭikā¹
Vocative	स्फटिक sphaṭika	स्फटिके sphaṭike	स्फटिकानि / स्फटिका¹ sphaṭikāni / sphaṭikā¹
Accusative	स्फटिकम् sphaṭikam	स्फटिके sphaṭike	स्फटिकानि / स्फटिका¹ sphaṭikāni / sphaṭikā¹
Instrumental	स्फटिकेन sphaṭikena	स्फटिकाभ्याम् sphaṭikābhyām	स्फटिकैः / स्फटिकेभिः¹ sphaṭikaiḥ / sphaṭikebhiḥ¹
Dative	स्फटिकाय sphaṭikāya	स्फटिकाभ्याम् sphaṭikābhyām	स्फटिकेभ्यः sphaṭikebhyaḥ
Ablative	स्फटिकात् sphaṭikāt	स्फटिकाभ्याम् sphaṭikābhyām	स्फटिकेभ्यः sphaṭikebhyaḥ
Genitive	स्फटिकस्य sphaṭikasya	स्फटिकयोः sphaṭikayoḥ	स्फटिकानाम् sphaṭikānām
Locative	स्फटिके sphaṭike	स्फटिकयोः sphaṭikayoḥ	स्फटिकेषु sphaṭikeṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

• Pali: phalika, phalikā, phaḷika
  • → Khmer: ផលិក (phɑlək)
  • → Thai: ผลึก (pà-lʉ̀k)
• Prakrit: 𑀨𑀮𑀺𑀳 (phaliha), 𑀨𑀸𑀮𑀺𑀕 (phāliga), 𑀨𑀸𑀮𑀺𑀅 (phālia), etc.
  • → Middle Chinese: 頗黎 (MC pha lej), 頗梨柯 (MC pha lij ka), 玻璃 (MC pha lje)
    • Chinese: 玻璃 (“glass”)
• → Middle Chinese: 頗胝迦 (MC pha trij kae), 塞頗胝迦 (MC sok pha trij kae)

References

• Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “स्फटिक”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan, page 1729
• Monier Williams (1899) “Sphaṭika”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1269/3.
• Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923-1928) “फालिअ”, in पाइअ-सद्द-महण्णवो [Pāia-Sadda-Mahaṇṇavo; lit. Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author], page 623.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “sphaṭika”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 798