ἄνθρωπος

See also άνθρωπος

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• ἀνθρωπώ (Laconian)
• 𐀀𐀵𐀫𐀦 (a-to-ro-qo) (Mycenaean)
• 𐠀𐠰𐠦𐠡𐠩 (a-to-ro-po-se) (Arcadocypriot)

Etymology

Scholars used to consider it to be a compound from ἀνήρ (anēr, “man”) + ὤψ (ōps, “face, appearance, look”) = "he who looks like a man". However, Beekes does not accept this etymology. Romain Garnier proposed another etymology in his 2007 article « Nouvelles réflexions étymologiques autour du grec ἄνθρωπος », deriving it from Proto-Indo-European *ṇdʰreh₃kʷó- (“that which is below”), hence "earthly, human".

Pronunciation

• (5th BC Attic): IPA: /ántʰrɔ͜ɔpos/

• (1st BC Egyptian): IPA: /ántʰroːpos/

• (4th AD Koine): IPA: /ánθropos/

• (10th AD Byzantine): IPA: /á̃θropos/

• (15th AD Constantinopolitan): IPA: /áθɾopos/

Noun

ἄνθρωπος (genitive ἀνθρώπου) m, second declension; (anthrōpos)

1. man
2. human being

Inflection

Second declension of ἄνθρωπος, ἀνθρώπου

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἄνθρωπος	ἀνθρώπω	ἄνθρωποι
Genitive	ἀνθρώπου	ἀνθρώποιν	ἀνθρώπων
Dative	ἀνθρώπῳ	ἀνθρώποιν	ἀνθρώποις
Accusative	ἄνθρωπον	ἀνθρώπω	ἀνθρώπους
Vocative	ἄνθρωπε	ἀνθρώπω	ἄνθρωποι

Derived terms

• ἀνθρώπινος
• ἅνθρωπος (Attic crasis with definite article ὁ)
• ὥνθρωπος (Ionic crasis with definite article ὁ)
• ἀνθρωποκεντρικός, anthropocentric
• ἀνθρωποειδής, anthropoid
• ἀνθρωπολογία, anthropology
• ἀνθρωπομορφισμός, anthropomorphism
• ἀνθρωποποιία

Descendants

• Greek: άνθρωπος (ánthropos) (“man”)

Noun

ἄνθρωπος (genitive ἀνθρώπου) f, second declension; (anthrōpos)

1. (derogatory) woman

References

• LSJ
• Bauer lexicon
• Strong’s concordance number: G444
• Encyclopedia Papyrus-Larousse
• J.B.Hofmann, Ετυμολογικόν Λεξικόν της Αρχαίας Ελληνικής (Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Griechischen)
• Plato Crat. 399 C