仿效

Chinese

		to imitate; to copy	effect; efficacy; imitate
trad. (仿效/仿傚/倣效/倣傚)		仿/倣	效/傚
simp. (仿效)		仿	效
alternative forms		彷效 仿効
anagram		效仿

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): fǎngxiào

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄤˇ ㄒㄧㄠˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): fong² haau⁶
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hóng-hāu

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: fǎngxiào
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄤˇ ㄒㄧㄠˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: fǎngsiào
    • Wade–Giles: fang³-hsiao⁴
    • Yale: fǎng-syàu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: faangshiaw
    • Palladius: фансяо (fansjao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: fong² haau⁶
    • Yale: fóng haauh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fong² haau⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: fong² hao⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɔːŋ³⁵ haːu̯²²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hóng-hāu
    • Tâi-lô: hóng-hāu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hofnghau
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hau⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hau²²/

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• Middle Chinese: phjangX haewH

Rime
Character	仿	效
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	滂 (2)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	陽 (106)	肴 (90)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	II
Fanqie	妃兩切	胡敎切
Baxter	phjangX	haewH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pʰʉɐŋX/	/ɦˠauH/
Pan Wuyun	/pʰʷiɐŋX/	/ɦᵚauH/
Shao Rongfen	/pʰiuɑŋX/	/ɣauH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pʰuaŋX/	/ɦaɨwH/
Li Rong	/pʰiuaŋX/	/ɣauH/
Wang Li	/pʰĭwaŋX/	/ɣauH/
Bernard Karlgren	/pʰiwaŋX/	/ɣauH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fǎng	xiào
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fong2	haau6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*pʰaŋʔ  ɡreːws/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	效
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xiào
Middle Chinese	‹ hæwH ›
Old Chinese	/*m-[k]ˁraw-s/
English	imitate, follow
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	仿	效
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	3045	6329
Phonetic component	方	交
Rime group	陽	宵
Rime subdivision	0	2
Corresponding MC rime	髣	效
Old Chinese	/*pʰaŋʔ/	/*ɡreːws/

Verb

仿效

1. to imitate; to emulate

   隨之仿效／随之仿效  ―  suí zhī fǎngxiào  ―  to follow suit

2. to follow the example of; to take as one's model; to pattern after

Synonyms

• (imitate):

• 仿照 (fǎngzhào)
• 擬／拟 (nǐ) (literary, or in compounds)
• 效仿 (xiàofǎng)
• 模仿 (mófǎng)
• 模擬／模拟 (mónǐ)
• 臨摹／临摹 (línmó) (a model of calligraphy, painting, etc.)
• 規矩／规矩 (guījǔ) (literary)

 

• (follow the example of):

• 仿照 (fǎngzhào)
• 仿行 (fǎngxíng)
• 取法 (qǔfǎ)
• 宗法 (zōngfǎ)
• 師匠／师匠 (shījiàng) (literary)
• 師法／师法 (shīfǎ) (literary)
• 憲法／宪法 (xiànfǎ) (Classical Chinese)
• 憲章／宪章 (xiànzhāng) (Classical Chinese)
• 效仿 (xiàofǎng)
• 效尤 (xiàoyóu) (literary, to mimic wrongdoing)
• 效法 (xiàofǎ)
• 模仿 (mófǎng)
• 步武 (bùwǔ) (literary)
• 法象 (fǎxiàng) (archaic)
• 視／视 (shì) (archaic)
• 範圍／范围 (fànwéi) (Classical Chinese)
• 觀象／观象 (guānxiàng) (literary)
• 遵法 (zūnfǎ) (literary)