music; happy; laugh music; happy; laugh; cheerful |
wave; breaker; unrestrained wave; breaker; unrestrained; dissipated | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (樂浪) | 樂 | 浪 | |
simp. (乐浪) | 乐 | 浪 |
Rime | ||
---|---|---|
Character | 樂 | 浪 |
Reading # | 3/3 | 2/2 |
Initial (聲) | 來 (37) | 來 (37) |
Final (韻) | 鐸 (103) | 唐 (101) |
Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Departing (H) |
Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
Division (等) | I | I |
Fanqie | 盧各切 | 來宕切 |
Baxter | lak | langH |
Reconstructions | ||
Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/lɑk̚/ | /lɑŋH/ |
Pan Wuyun |
/lɑk̚/ | /lɑŋH/ |
Shao Rongfen |
/lɑk̚/ | /lɑŋH/ |
Edwin Pulleyblank |
/lak̚/ | /laŋH/ |
Li Rong |
/lɑk̚/ | /lɑŋH/ |
Wang Li |
/lɑk̚/ | /lɑŋH/ |
Bernard Karlgren |
/lɑk̚/ | /lɑŋH/ |
Expected Mandarin Reflex |
luò | làng |
Expected Cantonese Reflex |
lok6 | long6 |
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
---|---|---|
Character | 樂 | 浪 |
Reading # | 2/4 | 1/1 |
Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
lè | láng |
Middle Chinese |
‹ lak › | ‹ lang › |
Old Chinese |
/*[r]ˁawk/ | /*[r]ˁaŋ/ |
English | joy; enjoy | (name of a river) |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
---|---|---|
Character | 樂 | 浪 |
Reading # | 2/3 | 2/2 |
No. | 7673 | 8040 |
Phonetic component |
樂 | 良 |
Rime group |
藥 | 陽 |
Rime subdivision |
1 | 0 |
Corresponding MC rime |
落 | 浪 |
Old Chinese |
/*raːwɢ/ | /*raːŋs/ |
樂浪