砂岩

Chinese

		sand; gravel; granule	cliff; rock
simp. and trad. (砂岩)		砂	岩

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shāyán

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄚ ㄧㄢˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): saa¹ ngaam⁴

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shāyán
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄚ ㄧㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shayán
    • Wade–Giles: sha¹-yen²
    • Yale: shā-yán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shayan
    • Palladius: шаянь (šajanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂä⁵⁵ jɛn³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: saa¹ ngaam⁴
    • Yale: sā ngàahm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: saa¹ ngaam⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: sa¹ ngam⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /saː⁵⁵ ŋaːm²¹/

Noun

砂岩

1. sandstone

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
砂	岩
さ Grade: 6	がん Grade: 2
on’yomi

Ultimately from Middle Chinese 砂岩 (MC srae ngaem, “sandstone”, literally “sand + rock”). Uses the kan'on reading, suggesting a later borrowing. Compare modern Cantonese reading saa¹ ngaam⁴.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) さ​がん [sáꜜgàǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
• (Tokyo) さがん [sàgáń] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [sa̠ɡã̠ɴ]

Noun

砂(さ)岩(がん) • (sagan) 

1. (petrology) sandstone
2. grit (such as for sanding, polishing, or traction)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
砂	岩
しゃ Grade: 6	がん Grade: 2
on’yomi

Appears to be a shift from sagan above. Less common. Uses the goon reading of sha for the 砂 character.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) しゃ​がん [sháꜜgàǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
• (Tokyo) しゃがん [shàgáń] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [ɕa̠ɡã̠ɴ]

Noun

砂(しゃ)岩(がん) • (shagan) 

1. (petrology, uncommon) sandstone