말미암다

Korean

Etymology

First attested in the Beonyeok sohak (飜譯小學 / 번역소학), 1517, as Middle Korean 말ᄆᆡ삼다 (Yale: malmoy-samta), from 말ᄆᆡ (Yale: malmoy, “cause”) + 삼다 (Yale: samta, “to take as”). The /s/ was elided in the sixteenth century as the word merged into a single morpheme.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ma̠ɭmia̠mt͈a̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [말미암따]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	malmiamda
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	malmiamda
McCune–Reischauer?	malmiamta
Yale Romanization?	mal.miamqta

Verb

말미암다 • (malmiamda) (infinitive 말미암아, sequential 말미암으니)

1. (literary, formal) to be engendered; to be caused (generally accompanied by the instrumental particle 로 (ro))

   Synonym: 기인(起因)하다 (giinhada)

   이 사건으로 말미암아 그는 감금되었다.

   I sageon-euro malmiama geu-neun gamgeum-doeeotda.

   Due to this incident, he was imprisoned.

   화재로 말미암은 폐허는 끝이 없었다.

   Hwajae-ro malmiameun pyeheo-neun kkeuch-i eopseotda.

   The devastation wrought by the fire was endless.

2. (rare) to pass by a place

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the verb 말미암다 (malmiamda): consonant-stem, regular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	말미암는다 malmiamneunda	말미암아 malmiama	말미암아요 malmiamayo	말미암습니다 malmiamseumnida
	Past	말미암았다 malmiamatda	말미암았어 malmiamasseo	말미암았어요 malmiamasseoyo	말미암았습니다 malmiamatseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	말미암느냐 malmiamneunya	말미암아 malmiama	말미암아요 malmiamayo	말미암습니까 malmiamseumnikka
	Past	말미암았느냐 malmiamanneunya	말미암았어 malmiamasseo	말미암았어요 malmiamasseoyo	말미암았습니까 malmiamatseumnikka
Hortative		말미암자 malmiamja	말미암아 malmiama	말미암아요 malmiamayo	말미암으십시다 malmiameusipsida
Imperative		말미암아라 malmiamara	말미암아 malmiama	말미암아요 malmiamayo	말미암읍시오 malmiameupsio
Assertive		말미암겠다 malmiamgetda	말미암겠어 malmiamgesseo	말미암겠어요 malmiamgesseoyo	말미암겠습니다 malmiamgetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		말미암아 malmiama	말미암아서 malmiamaseo	말미암으니 malmiameuni	말미암으니까 malmiameunikka
Contrast		말미암지만 malmiamjiman	말미암는데 malmiamneunde	말미암더니 malmiamdeoni
Conjunction		말미암고 malmiamgo
Condition		말미암으면 malmiameumyeon	말미암아야 malmiamaya
Motive		말미암으려고 malmiameuryeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		말미암음 malmiameum	말미암기 malmiamgi
Past-tense verbal nouns		말미암았음 malmiamasseum	말미암았기 malmiamatgi
Determiners	Past	말미암은 malmiameun
	Present	말미암는 malmiamneun
	Future	말미암을 malmiameul

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	말미암으신다 malmiameusinda	말미암으셔 malmiameusyeo	말미암으세요, 말미암으셔요 malmiameuseyo, malmiameusyeoyo	말미암으십니다 malmiameusimnida
	Past	말미암으셨다 malmiameusyeotda	말미암으셨어 malmiameusyeosseo	말미암으셨어요 malmiameusyeosseoyo	말미암으셨습니다 malmiameusyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	말미암으시느냐 malmiameusineunya	말미암으셔 malmiameusyeo	말미암으세요, 말미암으셔요 malmiameuseyo, malmiameusyeoyo	말미암으십니까 malmiameusimnikka
	Past	말미암으셨느냐 malmiameusyeonneunya	말미암으셨어 malmiameusyeosseo	말미암으셨어요 malmiameusyeosseoyo	말미암으셨습니까 malmiameusyeotseumnikka
Imperative		말미암으시라 malmiameusira	말미암으셔 malmiameusyeo	말미암으세요 malmiameuseyo	말미암으십시오 malmiameusipsio
Assertive		말미암으시겠다 malmiameusigetda	말미암으시겠어 malmiameusigesseo	말미암으시겠어요 malmiameusigesseoyo	말미암으시겠습니다 malmiameusigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		말미암으셔 malmiameusyeo	말미암으셔서 malmiameusyeoseo	말미암으시니 malmiameusini	말미암으시니까 malmiameusinikka
Contrast		말미암으시지만 malmiameusijiman	말미암으시는데 malmiameusineunde	말미암으시더니 malmiameusideoni
Conjunction		말미암으시고 malmiameusigo
Condition		말미암으시면 malmiameusimyeon	말미암으셔야 malmiameusyeoya
Motive		말미암으시려고 malmiameusiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		말미암으심 malmiameusim	말미암으시기 malmiameusigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		말미암으셨음 malmiameusyeosseum	말미암으셨기 malmiameusyeotgi
Determiners	Past	말미암으신 malmiameusin
	Present	말미암으시는 malmiameusineun
	Future	말미암으실 malmiameusil