-य
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Sanskrit[edit]
Alternative scripts[edit]
Alternative scripts
- -য় (Assamese script)
- -ᬬ (Balinese script)
- -য় (Bengali script)
- -𑰧 (Bhaiksuki script)
- -𑀬 (Brahmi script)
- -ယ (Burmese script)
- -ય (Gujarati script)
- -ਯ (Gurmukhi script)
- -𑌯 (Grantha script)
- -ꦪ (Javanese script)
- -𑂨 (Kaithi script)
- -ಯ (Kannada script)
- -យ (Khmer script)
- -ຍ (Lao script)
- -യ (Malayalam script)
- ᠊ᠶᠠ (Manchu script)
- -𑘧 (Modi script)
- ᠊ᠶ᠋ᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- -𑧇 (Nandinagari script)
- -𑐫 (Newa script)
- -ଯ (Odia script)
- -ꢫ (Saurashtra script)
- -𑆪 (Sharada script)
- -𑖧 (Siddham script)
- -ය (Sinhalese script)
- -𑩻 (Soyombo script)
- -𑚣 (Takri script)
- -ய (Tamil script)
- -య (Telugu script)
- -ย (Thai script)
- -་ཡ (Tibetan script)
- -𑒨 (Tirhuta script)
- -𑨪 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology[edit]
Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *-yós. Cognate with Latin -ius.
Pronunciation[edit]
Suffix[edit]
-य • (-ya)
- forms the gerundive
- creates adjectives from noun or verb stems
Declension[edit]
| Masculine a-stem declension of -य (-ya) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | -यः -yaḥ |
-यौ / -या¹ -yau / -yā¹ |
-याः / -यासः¹ -yāḥ / -yāsaḥ¹ |
| Vocative | -य -ya |
-यौ / -या¹ -yau / -yā¹ |
-याः / -यासः¹ -yāḥ / -yāsaḥ¹ |
| Accusative | -यम् -yam |
-यौ / -या¹ -yau / -yā¹ |
-यान् -yān |
| Instrumental | -येन -yena |
-याभ्याम् -yābhyām |
-यैः / -येभिः¹ -yaiḥ / -yebhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | -याय -yāya |
-याभ्याम् -yābhyām |
-येभ्यः -yebhyaḥ |
| Ablative | -यात् -yāt |
-याभ्याम् -yābhyām |
-येभ्यः -yebhyaḥ |
| Genitive | -यस्य -yasya |
-ययोः -yayoḥ |
-यानाम् -yānām |
| Locative | -ये -ye |
-ययोः -yayoḥ |
-येषु -yeṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
| Feminine ā-stem declension of -या (-yā) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | -या -yā |
-ये -ye |
-याः -yāḥ |
| Vocative | -ये -ye |
-ये -ye |
-याः -yāḥ |
| Accusative | -याम् -yām |
-ये -ye |
-याः -yāḥ |
| Instrumental | -यया / -या¹ -yayā / -yā¹ |
-याभ्याम् -yābhyām |
-याभिः -yābhiḥ |
| Dative | -यायै -yāyai |
-याभ्याम् -yābhyām |
-याभ्यः -yābhyaḥ |
| Ablative | -यायाः / -यायै² -yāyāḥ / -yāyai² |
-याभ्याम् -yābhyām |
-याभ्यः -yābhyaḥ |
| Genitive | -यायाः / -यायै² -yāyāḥ / -yāyai² |
-ययोः -yayoḥ |
-यानाम् -yānām |
| Locative | -यायाम् -yāyām |
-ययोः -yayoḥ |
-यासु -yāsu |
| Notes |
| ||
| Neuter a-stem declension of -य (-ya) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | -यम् -yam |
-ये -ye |
-यानि / -या¹ -yāni / -yā¹ |
| Vocative | -य -ya |
-ये -ye |
-यानि / -या¹ -yāni / -yā¹ |
| Accusative | -यम् -yam |
-ये -ye |
-यानि / -या¹ -yāni / -yā¹ |
| Instrumental | -येन -yena |
-याभ्याम् -yābhyām |
-यैः / -येभिः¹ -yaiḥ / -yebhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | -याय -yāya |
-याभ्याम् -yābhyām |
-येभ्यः -yebhyaḥ |
| Ablative | -यात् -yāt |
-याभ्याम् -yābhyām |
-येभ्यः -yebhyaḥ |
| Genitive | -यस्य -yasya |
-ययोः -yayoḥ |
-यानाम् -yānām |
| Locative | -ये -ye |
-ययोः -yayoḥ |
-येषु -yeṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Derived terms[edit]
Related terms[edit]
- -तव्य (-tavya)
References[edit]
- Whitney (1889), Sanskrit Grammar, chapter 13, §962-963 and chapter 17, §1210-1213