Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kwiknaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *kwikwaz (“alive”) +‎ *-naną.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkʷik.nɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*kwiknaną

1. to come to life

Inflection

Conjugation of *kwiknaną (weak class 4)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*kwiknō	*kwiknaų	—	—	—
2nd singular	*kwiknōsi	*kwiknais	*kwiknō	—	—
3rd singular	*kwiknōþi	*kwiknai	*kwiknōþau	—	—
1st dual	*kwiknōs	*kwiknaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*kwiknaþiz	*kwiknaiþiz	*kwiknaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*kwiknamaz	*kwiknaim	—	—	—
2nd plural	*kwiknaþ	*kwiknaiþ	*kwiknaþ	—	—
3rd plural	*kwiknanþi	*kwiknain	*kwiknanþau	—	—
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*kwiknōdǭ	*kwiknōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*kwiknōdēz	*kwiknōdēdīz
3rd singular	*kwiknōdē	*kwiknōdēdī
1st dual	*kwiknōdēdū	*kwiknōdēdīw
2nd dual	*kwiknōdēdudiz	*kwiknōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*kwiknōdēdum	*kwiknōdēdīm
2nd plural	*kwiknōdēdud	*kwiknōdēdīd
3rd plural	*kwiknōdēdun	*kwiknōdēdīn
	present	past
participles	*kwiknandz	—

Descendants

• Old Norse: kvikna, kykna
  • Icelandic: kvikna
  • Faroese: kvikna
  • Danish: kvikne
  • Old Swedish: qvikna
    • Swedish: kvickna
  • Norwegian:
    • Norwegian Bokmål: kvikne
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: kvikna, kvikne
  • →? Middle English: quikenen
    • English: quicken
    • Scots: quikkin, quickin
• ⇒ Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌵𐌹𐌿𐌽𐌰𐌽 (gaqiunan)

Further reading

• Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 259