Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/aktadak
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This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Uralic *ëkta-. Finnish and Võro show also a meaning "to cram", by contamination with the Baltic loanword *ahtas.
Verb[edit]
*aktadak (stem *akta-)
Inflection[edit]
Inflection of *aktadak
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *aktan | *aktoin | — | *aktagon |
| 2nd sing. | *aktat | *aktoit | *aktak | *aktagos |
| 3rd sing. | *aktabi *akta |
*aktoi | *aktagasën | *aktagosën |
| 1st plur. | *aktakmëk *aktakmak |
*aktoimëk *aktoimak |
*aktagatëmëk *aktagatamak |
*aktagotëmëk *aktagotamak |
| 2nd plur. | *aktaktëk *aktaktak |
*aktoidëk *aktoidak |
*aktagatë *aktagata |
*aktagot'ëk *aktagotadak |
| 3rd plur. | *aktabat *akta |
*aktoi | *aktagasën | *aktagosën |
| passive | *aktaksën *aktat'aksën |
*aktadisën *aktattisën |
*aktadakahën *aktattakahën |
*aktadakohën *aktattakohën |
| connegative | *aktak | — | *aktagak | *aktagok |
| passive connegative | *aktaktak | — | *aktadagak *aktattagak |
*aktadagok *aktattagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *aktakcin | *aktoicin | *aktanën | |
| 2nd sing. | *aktakcit | *aktoicit | *aktanët | |
| 3rd sing. | *aktakci | *aktoici | *aktani | |
| 1st plur. | *aktakcimëk *aktakcimak |
*aktoicimëk *aktoicimak |
*aktanëmëk *aktanëmak | |
| 2nd plur. | *aktakcidëk *aktakcidak |
*aktoicidëk *aktoicidak |
*aktanëdëk *aktanëdak | |
| 3rd plur. | *aktakci | *aktoici | *aktani | |
| passive | *aktadakcihën *aktat'akcihën |
*aktadicihën *aktatticihën |
*aktadanëhën *aktattanëhën | |
| connegative | *aktakcik | *aktoicik | *aktanëk | |
| passive connegative | *aktadakcik *aktat'akcik |
*aktadicik *aktatticik |
*aktadanëk *aktattanëk | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *aktadak | present | *aktaba | *aktadapa *aktattapa |
| infinitive 2 | *aktadë- | past | *aktanut | *aktadu *aktattu |
| gerund/supine | *aktama | |||
| action noun | *aktaminen | |||
Descendants[edit]
- Estonian: ahtma/ahta
- Finnish: ahtaa
- Karelian: ahtoa
- Livvi: ahtua
- Ludian: ahtada
- Veps: ahtta
- Võro: atma/attaq
- Votic: ahta
References[edit]
- “ahtma”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
- Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words][1] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN