Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hlināną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱley- (“to lean”). Cognate with Latin clīnō (“slope, incline, bend”), Ancient Greek κλίνω (klínō, “bend, slant, lean”).

Verb

*hlināną

1. to lean

Inflection

Conjugation of *hlināną (weak class 3)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*hlinō	?	—	?	?
2nd singular	*hlinaisi	?	*hlinai	*hlināsai	?
3rd singular	*hlinaiþi	?	*hlināþau	*hlināþai	?
1st dual	*hlinōs	?	—	—	—
2nd dual	*hlināþiz	?	*hlināþiz	—	—
1st plural	*hlināmaz	?	—	*hlinānþai	?
2nd plural	*hlinaiþ	?	*hlinaiþ	*hlinānþai	?
3rd plural	*hlinānþi	?	*hlinānþau	*hlinānþai	?
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*hlinadǭ	*hlinadēdį̄
2nd singular	*hlinadēz	*hlinadēdīz
3rd singular	*hlinadē	*hlinadēdī
1st dual	*hlinadēdū	*hlinadēdīw
2nd dual	*hlinadēdudiz	*hlinadēdīdiz
1st plural	*hlinadēdum	*hlinadēdīm
2nd plural	*hlinadēdud	*hlinadēdīd
3rd plural	*hlinadēdun	*hlinadēdīn
	present	past
participles	*hlināndz	*hlinadaz

Alternative reconstructions

• *hlinōną

Related terms

• *hlainijaną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *hlinēn
  • Old English: hleonian, hlinian
    • Middle English: leonien, lenen
      • Scots: lene, leyn
      • English: lean
  • Old Frisian: *hlinia
    • Saterland Frisian: lienje
    • West Frisian: lynje
  • Old Saxon: hlinōn
    • Middle Low German: lēnen
      • German Low German: lehnen
  • Old Dutch: *hlinon, *linon
    • Middle Dutch: lēnen
      • Dutch: leunen
        • → West Frisian: leune
  • Old High German: hlinēn, linēn
    • Middle High German: lënen, linen
      • German: lehnen
• Old Norse: *hlina
  • Norwegian: lina (dialectal)