Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hneudaną

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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Compare *knudaną (“to rivet, knead”), source of Old Norse hnoða (“to rivet”). Also compared to Ancient Greek κνύθος (knúthos, “small thorn”), but Kroonen finds this semantically unconvincing.[1]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ˈxneu̯.ðɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb[edit]

*hneudaną[1][2]

  1. to hammer, to pound

Inflection[edit]

Conjugation of *hneudaną (strong class 2)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hneudō *hneudaų — *hneudai ?
2nd singular *hniudizi *hneudaiz *hneud *hneudazai *hneudaizau
3rd singular *hniudidi *hneudai *hneudadau *hneudadai *hneudaidau
1st dual *hneudōz *hneudaiw — — —
2nd dual *hneudadiz *hneudaidiz *hneudadiz — —
1st plural *hneudamaz *hneudaim — *hneudandai *hneudaindau
2nd plural *hniudid *hneudaid *hniudid *hneudandai *hneudaindau
3rd plural *hneudandi *hneudain *hneudandau *hneudandai *hneudaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hnaud *hnudį̄
2nd singular *hnaust *hnudīz
3rd singular *hnaud *hnudī
1st dual *hnudū *hnudīw
2nd dual *hnududiz *hnudīdiz
1st plural *hnudum *hnudīm
2nd plural *hnudud *hnudīd
3rd plural *hnudun *hnudīn
present past
participles *hneudandz *hnudanaz

Related terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “hneudan”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 235
  2. ^ Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*xneuđanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 179-180
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