Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yeti
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See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yéti
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European[edit]
Suffix[edit]
*(é)-yeti
- Creates transitive imperfective verbs from roots.
Usage notes[edit]
In many daughter languages, this suffix came to be affixed to stems as well. It was used frequently to convert originally athematic inflections into thematic inflections.
Inflection[edit]
| Imperfective, thematic | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3rd singular | *(é)-yeti | ||||
| 3rd plural | *(é)-yonti | ||||
| Active voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *(é)-yoh₂ | *(é)-yom | — | *(é)-yōh₂ | *(é)-yoyh₁m̥ |
| 2nd singular | *(é)-yesi | *(é)-yes | *(é)-ye | *(é)-yēsi | *(é)-yoys |
| 3rd singular | *(é)-yeti | *(é)-yet | *(é)-yetu | *(é)-yēti | *(é)-yoyt |
| 1st dual | *(é)-yowos | *(é)-yowe | — | *(é)-yōwos | *(é)-yoywe |
| 2nd dual | *(é)-yetes | *(é)-yetom | *(é)-yetom | *(é)-yētes | *(é)-yoytom |
| 3rd dual | *(é)-yetes | *(é)-yetām | *(é)-yetām | *(é)-yētes | *(é)-yoytām |
| 1st plural | *(é)-yomos | *(é)-yome | — | *(é)-yōmos | *(é)-yoyme |
| 2nd plural | *(é)-yete | *(é)-yete | *(é)-yete | *(é)-yēte | *(é)-yoyte |
| 3rd plural | *(é)-yonti | *(é)-yont | *(é)-yontu | *(é)-yōnti | *(é)-yoyh₁n̥t |
| Participle | *(é)-yonts | ||||
| Middle voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *(é)-yoh₂er | *(é)-yoh₂e | — | *(é)-yōh₂er | *(é)-yoyh₂e |
| 2nd singular | *(é)-yeth₂er | *(é)-yeth₂e | *(é)-yeso | *(é)-yēth₂er | *(é)-yoyth₂e |
| 3rd singular | *(é)-yetor | *(é)-yeto | *? | *(é)-yētor | *(é)-yoyto, *(é)-yoyh₁o |
| 1st dual | *(é)-yowosdʰh₂ | *(é)-yowedʰh₂ | — | *(é)-yōwosdʰh₂ | *(é)-yoywedʰh₂ |
| 2nd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 3rd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 1st plural | *(é)-yomosdʰh₂ | *(é)-yomedʰh₂ | — | *(é)-yōmosdʰh₂ | *(é)-yoymedʰh₂ |
| 2nd plural | *(é)-yedʰh₂we | *(é)-yedʰh₂we | *(é)-yedʰh₂we | *(é)-yēdʰh₂we | *(é)-yoydʰh₂we |
| 3rd plural | *(é)-yoror, *(é)-yontor | *(é)-yoro, *(é)-yonto | *? | *(é)-yōror, *(é)-yōntor | *(é)-yoyro, *(é)-yoyh₁n̥to |
| Participle | *(é)-yomnos | ||||
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
- Armenian:
- Old Armenian: -եմ (-em) (partially)
- Proto-Germanic: *-(i)ja- (j-presents, class 1 weak verbs)
- Proto-Hellenic: *-yō
- Ancient Greek: -έω (-éō) (partially, when added to roots, when compounded with *-e- (noun thematic vowel), ie. *-eyé-, when added to s-stem nouns, ie. *-esyé-)
- Ancient Greek: -όω (-óō) (aboriginal ἀρόω (aróō) and new denominative verbs to o-stem nouns)
- Ancient Greek: -πτω (-ptō) (< *-pye-, *-pʰye-)
- Ancient Greek: -σσω (-ssō), -ττω (-ttō) (< *-kye-, *-kʰye-, *-kʷye-, *-kʷʰye-, *-tye-, *-tʰye-, *-gye-)
- Ancient Greek: -ζω (-zō) (< *-gye-, *-gʷye-, *-dye-)
- Ancient Greek: -λλω (-llō) (< *-lye-)
- Ancient Greek: -ιCω (-iCō) (< *-Cye-)
- Italic:
- Latin: -iō (Third conjugation verbs iō-variation)
- Latin: -iō (Fourth conjugation verbs, partially, when compounded with *-i- (noun thematic vowel), ie. *-iyé-, or by later non-inherited fabrications)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-yati
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
- Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
- "Elements of the Avestan Verb Morphology": https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/didact/idg/iran/avest/avvmorph.htm