Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/qadəp

This Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʔadəp/, /qadəp/

Noun

*qadəp

1. front (facing part)

Descendants

• Proto-Philippine: *qadəp
  • Central Philippine:
    • Tausug: alup
  • Palawan:
    • Brooke's Point Palawano: alep
• Greater Barito
  • Sama-Bajaw
    • Central Sama: alop
    • Mapun: awop
    • Southern Sama: alop
    • Yakan: hap
  • East Barito
    • Malagasy: tandrify
  • West Barito
    • Ngaju: taharep
• North Bornean
  • Central Sarawak
    • Bukat: irap
    • Punan Aput: irap
    • Ukit: rap
• Land Dayak
  • Benyadu': adap
• Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands
  • Alas-Kluet Batak: hadep
  • Dairi Batak: adep
  • Toba Batak: adop
• Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:
  • Proto-Malayic: *hadəp
    • Iban: adap
    • Malay: hadap
      • Indonesian: hadap
      • → Maranao: hadap
      • → Tagalog: harap
    • Urak Lawoi': ฮาตะ (hadaq)
  • Sundanese: hareup
  • Balinese: harep
• Old Javanese: haḍĕp, harĕp
  • Javanese: ꦲꦝꦼꦥ꧀ (adhep)
  • Javanese: ꦲꦉꦥ꧀ (arep)
  • → Balinese: ᬳᬋᬧ᭄ (arep)
  • → Tagalog: harap
• Proto-South Sulawesi:
  • Buginese: ada'
  • Mandar: are'
  • Tae': ara'
• Proto-Oceanic: *qarop
  • Western Oceanic
    • North New Guinea
      • Kairiru: aro
      • Manam: aro
  • Central-Eastern Oceanic
    • Proto-Polynesian: *qaro
      • Tongic
        • Niuean: ao
        • Tongan: ʻao
      • Nuclear Polynesian
        • Samoic–Outlier
          • Ellicean–Futunic
            • East Futuna: ʻalo
            • Futuna-Aniwa: aro
            • Pukapukan: aro
            • Tikopia: aro
            • Tuvaluan: alo
          • Samoic
            • Samoan: alo
            • Tokelauan: alo
        • Eastern Polynesian
          • Marquesic
            • Hawaiian: alo
            • Mangarevan: aro
            • North Marquesan: aʻo
            • South Marquesan: aʻo
          • Tahitic
            • Maori: aro
            • Rakahanga-Manihiki: aro
            • Rarotongan: aro
            • Tahitian: aro
            • Tuamotuan: aro
          • Rapa Nui: aro, ʻaro

References

• Blust, Robert & Stephen Trussell, Austronesian Comparative Dictionary – *qadep.