Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/bľьvati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Perhaps from merging of:

• Per Vasmer, Snoj: From *bľuti (“to surge, to gush”) +‎ *-ati, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *bljauˀtei, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰlewH-. Cognate with Lithuanian bliáuti (“to bleat, to weep”), Latvian bļaût (“to bleat”) and further akin to Ancient Greek φλύω (phlúō, “to boil over”), Latin fluō (“flow”). Related terms such as *blyjati, *blyvati can only descend from this source.
• Per Trubačev (ESSJa): Specifically for the expressive meaning “to vomit, to puke”, possibly from an earlier *bjьvati, analogous to Proto-Slavic *pľьvati (“to spit”) < *pjьvati. Descendants without epenthetic *-ľ- are attested in dial. Bulgarian бю́вам (bjúvam).

Verb

*bľьvati impf

1. to gush, to spout (liquid, fume)
2. (expressive) to vomit, to puke

Inflection

Conjugation of *bľьvati, *bľьva, *bľujetь (impf., -a/V-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)

Suffix: *-ati

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*bľьvanьje	*bľьvati	*bľьvatъ	*bľьvalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*bľьvanъ	*bľujemъ
Active	*bľьvavъ	*bľuję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*bľьvaxъ	*bľьva	*bľьva	*bľujǫ	*bľuješi	*bľujetь
Dual	*bľьvaxově	*bľьvasta	*bľьvaste	*bľujevě	*bľujeta	*bľujete
Plural	*bľьvaxomъ	*bľьvaste	*bľьvašę	*bľujemъ	*bľujete	*bľujǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*bľьvaaxъ	*bľьvaaše	*bľьvaaše	—	*bľuji	*bľuji
Dual	*bľьvaaxově	*bľьvaašeta	*bľьvaašete	*bľujivě	*bľujita	—
Plural	*bľьvaaxomъ	*bľьvaašete	*bľьvaaxǫ	*bľujimъ	*bľujite	—

Reanalysed at a later stage among some languages as:

Conjugation of *bľьvati, *bľьva, *bľьvajetь (impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm a)

Suffix: *-ati

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*bľьvanьje	*bľьvati	*bľьvatъ	*bľьvalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*bľьvanъ	*bľьvajemъ
Active	*bľьvavъ	*bľьvaję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*bľьvaxъ	*bľьva	*bľьva	*bľьvajǫ	*bľьvaješi	*bľьvajetь
Dual	*bľьvaxově	*bľьvasta	*bľьvaste	*bľьvajevě	*bľьvajeta	*bľьvajete
Plural	*bľьvaxomъ	*bľьvaste	*bľьvašę	*bľьvajemъ	*bľьvajete	*bľьvajǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*bľьvaaxъ	*bľьvaaše	*bľьvaaše	—	*bľьvaji	*bľьvaji
Dual	*bľьvaaxově	*bľьvaašeta	*bľьvaašete	*bľьvajivě	*bľьvajita	—
Plural	*bľьvaaxomъ	*bľьvaašete	*bľьvaaxǫ	*bľьvajimъ	*bľьvajite	—

Related terms

• *blyjati, *blyvati (“to spring, to overflow”)
• *bľukati (“to gush, to spout”), *bľumati (“to splash”)
• *bľuščь (“ivy”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: бльвати (blĭvati)
    • Old Ruthenian:
      • Belarusian: блю́ваць (bljúvacʹ), блява́ць (bljavácʹ)
      • Carpathian Rusyn: бльо́вати (blʹóvaty)
      • Ukrainian: блюва́ти (bljuváty)
    • Russian: блева́ть (blevátʹ)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: бльвати (blĭvati)

    Glagolitic script: ⰱⰾⱐⰲⰰⱅⰺ (blĭvati)

  • Bulgarian: бъ́лвам (bǎ́lvam)
  • Macedonian: блуе (blue)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: бљу̀вати

    Latin script: bljùvati

  • Slovene: bljuváti, bljeváti
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: blít
  • Polabian: bľåvă
  • Old Polish: bluć
  • Slovak: bľuvať
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: bluwaś
    • Upper Sorbian: bluwać

References

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “блева́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1975), “*bľьvati, *bľujǫ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 2 (*bez – *bratrъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 140
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “бълвам, блъвна”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 98