Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gręsti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

• Per Derksen, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *grid-, *grind-, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰri-n-dʰ-, from the root *gʰreydʰ-. Cognate with Lithuanian grìdyti (“to go, to wander”) (1sg. grìdyju), Gothic 𐌲𐍂𐌹𐌳 (grid, “step”, acc. sg.), Middle High German grit (“step”), Old Irish in·greinn, do·greinn (“to persecute”).
• Per Vasmer, cognate as above, and also with Avestan 𐬀𐬌𐬎𐬎𐬌𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬨𐬀𐬵𐬌 (aiuuigər^əδmahi, “we begin”), Sanskrit गृध्यति (gṛdhyati, “to be fast approaching something (?)”), Latin gradior (“to step”) (infinitive gradī). These words are normally reconstructed as coming from Proto-Indo-European *gʰredʰ-.

Verb

*gręstì impf

1. to go

Inflection

Conjugation of *gręsti, *gręde, *grędetь (impf., -C-, _/ox-aorist, accent paradigm c)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*grędenьje	*gręsti	*gręstъ	*grędlъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*grędenъ	*grędomъ
Active	*grędъ	*grędy

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*gręd(ox)ъ	*gręde	*gręde	*grędǫ	*grędeši	*grędetь
Dual	*gręd(ox)ově	*gręd(e/os)ta	*gręd(e/os)te	*grędevě	*grędeta	*grędete
Plural	*gręd(ox)omъ	*gręd(e/os)te	*grędǫ, *grędošę	*grędemъ	*grędete	*grędǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*gręděaxъ	*gręděaše	*gręděaše	—	*grędi	*grędi
Dual	*gręděaxově	*gręděašeta	*gręděašete	*gręděvě	*gręděta	—
Plural	*gręděaxomъ	*gręděašete	*gręděaxǫ	*gręděmъ	*gręděte	—

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: грѧсти (gręsti) (11th century); грѣсти (grěsti) (11th century)
    • Russian: грясти́ (grjastí) (infinitive is dated)
    • Ukrainian: грясти́ (hrjastý)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Cyrillic: грѧсти (gręsti)

    Glagolitic: [Term?]

  • Bulgarian: грядѫ́ (grjadǫ́) (archaic; Gerov's dictionary)
  • Macedonian: греде (grede) (dialectal)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: грѐсти, гре́сти

    Latin: grèsti, grésti

  • Slovene: īti (tonal orthography) (suppletive present tense)

Further reading

• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*gręsti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 123
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “гряду́”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress