Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/groziti
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *graź-. Cognate with Lithuanian gražóti (“to threaten”), Latvian gręzôt (“to threaten”). Vasmer adds as possible candidates Ancient Greek γοργός (gorgós, “terrible”), Γοργώ (Gorgṓ, “gorgon”), Irish garg, gargg (“harsh, wild”), gráin (“disgrace”) < *gragnis; however, Derksen rejects the comparison with γοργός (gorgós) as "formally impossible". Chernykh notes that Lithuanian grasà (“threat”), grasùs (“threatening”), grasìnti (“to threaten”) are often given as cognates, but the comparison is difficult because of the mismatch between Lithuanian s and Slavic *z.
Verb[edit]
*grozìti impf[1]
- to threaten
Inflection[edit]
Conjugation of *groziti, *grozi, *grozitь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *groženьje | *groziti | *grozitъ | *grozilъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *groženъ | *grozimъ |
| Active | *grožь | *grozę |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *grozixъ | *grozi | *grozi | *grožǫ | *groziši | *grozitь |
| Dual | *grozixově | *grozista | *groziste | *grozivě | *grozita | *grozite |
| Plural | *grozixomъ | *groziste | *grozišę | *grozimъ | *grozite | *grozętь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *grožaaxъ | *grožaaše | *grožaaše | — | *grozi | *grozi |
| Dual | *grožaaxově | *grožaašeta | *grožaašete | *grozivě | *grozita | — |
| Plural | *grožaaxomъ | *grožaašete | *grožaaxǫ | *grozimъ | *grozite | — |
- Notes:
- (*)*grozivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle
Related terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading[edit]
- Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “гроза́”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volumes 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 219
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*groziti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 143
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “гроза́”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
References[edit]
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*grozìti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 191: “v. (c) ‘threaten’”