Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kaditi

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

• Per Derksen, unclear. Derksen reconstructs a putative Proto-Indo-European form *kōd- or *kʷōd- based on Slavic evidence alone.
• Vasmer suggests as cognates Old Prussian accodis (“chimney”), as well as possibly Lithuanian kadagỹs (“juniper”), Old Prussian kadegis (“juniper”), Ancient Greek κέδρος (kédros, “cedar”), Albanian ḱem (“soot”), but other origins are also suggested for these words (e.g. the Baltic words may be borrowed from Finno-Ugric).

Verb

*kadìti impf

1. to burn incense

Inflection

Conjugation of *kaditi, *kadi, *kaditь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)

Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*kaďenьje	*kaditi	*kaditъ	*kadilъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*kaďenъ	*kadimъ
Active	*kaďь	*kadę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*kadixъ	*kadi	*kadi	*kaďǫ	*kadiši	*kaditь
Dual	*kadixově	*kadista	*kadiste	*kadivě	*kadita	*kadite
Plural	*kadixomъ	*kadiste	*kadišę	*kadimъ	*kadite	*kadętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*kaďaaxъ	*kaďaaše	*kaďaaše	—	*kadi	*kadi
Dual	*kaďaaxově	*kaďaašeta	*kaďaašete	*kadivě	*kadita	—
Plural	*kaďaaxomъ	*kaďaašete	*kaďaaxǫ	*kadimъ	*kadite	—

Notes:
• (*)*kadivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle

Derived terms

• *kadìdlo (“incense”)

Related terms

• *čadъ (“smoke, fumes”)
• *čàdjь, *čàdja (“smoke, soot”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: кадити (kaditi)
    • Old Ruthenian: кадити (kaditi)
      • Belarusian: кадзі́ць (kadzícʹ)
      • Ukrainian: кади́ти (kadýty)
    • Russian: кади́ть (kadítʹ)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Glagolitic script: ⰽⰰⰴⰻⱅⰻ (kaditi)

    Old Cyrillic script: кадити (kaditi)

    • Bulgarian: кадя́ (kadjá)
    • Macedonian: кади (kadi)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: ка́дити

    Latin script: káditi

  • Slovene: kadīti (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: kaditi
    • Czech: kadit (“to defecate”) (colloquial)
  • Old Polish: kadzić
    • Polish: kadzić
  • Slovak: kadiť
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: kadźić
    • Lower Sorbian: kaźiś

Further reading

• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “кади́ть”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volumes 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 366
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1983), “*kaditi”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 9 (*jьz – *klenьje), Moscow: Nauka, page 109
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “кади́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress