Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kajati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

• Per Derksen, Vasmer and Chernykh, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷōy-, from the root *kʷey-. Cognate with *cěnà (“price, value”), which is an exact reflex of Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ, “penance, penalty”), Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬉𐬥𐬁 (kaēnā, “penance, penalty, punishment, revenge”). Also cognate with Sanskrit चयते (cáyate, “to avenge, to punish”), Avestan 𐬐𐬁𐬌𐬌- (kāii-, “to repent”), 𐬗𐬌𐬐𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬝 (cikaiiat̰, “to cause to repent, to avenge, to punish”), Ancient Greek τίνω (tínō, “to cry, to repent”) (Homeric τῑ́νω (tī́nō)).
• Per Rix (LIV), cognate with *čàjati (“to expect, to wait”), from a different Proto-Indo-European root *kʷey- (“to perceive, to observe”) (this root is reconstructed as *kʷeh₁y- by Derksen).

Verb

*kàjati impf

1. to repent, to regret

Inflection

Conjugation of *kajati, *kaja, *kajetь (impf., -a/V-, s-aorist, accent paradigm a)

Suffix: *-ati

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*kajanьje	*kajati	*kajatъ	*kajalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*kajanъ	*kajemъ
Active	*kajavъ	*kaję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*kajaxъ	*kaja	*kaja	*kajǫ	*kaješi	*kajetь
Dual	*kajaxově	*kajasta	*kajaste	*kajevě	*kajeta	*kajete
Plural	*kajaxomъ	*kajaste	*kajašę	*kajemъ	*kajete	*kajǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*kajaaxъ	*kajaaše	*kajaaše	—	*kaji	*kaji
Dual	*kajaaxově	*kajaašeta	*kajaašete	*kajivě	*kajita	—
Plural	*kajaaxomъ	*kajaašete	*kajaaxǫ	*kajimъ	*kajite	—

Derived terms

• *kajaznь (“sorrow”)

Related terms

• *cěnà (“price, value”)
• *cěnìti (“to value, to evaluate”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: каꙗти (kajati) (11th century), каꙗтисꙗ (kajatisja) (10th century)
    • Belarusian: ка́яцца (kájacca)
    • Russian: ка́яться (kájatʹsja) (see also ока́ять (okájatʹ))
    • Ukrainian: ка́яти (kájaty), ка́ятися (kájatysja)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Cyrillic: каꙗти (kajati)

    Glagolitic: [Term?]

  • Bulgarian: ка̀я се (kàja se)
  • Macedonian: кае (kae)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: ка̏јати

    Latin script: kȁjati

  • Slovene: kájati (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: kát
  • Polish: kajać
  • Slovak: kajať
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: kać
    • Lower Sorbian: kajaś

• Non-Slavic:
  • → Romanian: căi

Further reading

• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “ка́яться”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volumes 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 390
• Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*k^u̯ei̯-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 377–378
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1983), “*kajati (sę)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 9 (*jьz – *klenьje), Moscow: Nauka, page 115
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “ка́ять”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress