Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pěna

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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *(s)páiˀnāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)poH(y)-. Cognate with Lithuanian spáinė, Old Prussian sроауnо, Sanskrit फेन (phéna), English foam.

Noun[edit]

*pě̀na or *pěnà f[1][2]

  1. foam

Inflection[edit]

Declension of *pě̀na (hard a-stem, accent paradigm a)
singular dual plural
nominative *pě̀na *pě̀ně *pě̀ny
genitive *pě̀ny *pě̀nu *pě̀nъ
dative *pě̀ně *pě̀nama *pě̀namъ
accusative *pě̀nǫ *pě̀ně *pě̀ny
instrumental *pě̀nojǫ, *pě̀nǭ** *pě̀nama *pě̀namī
locative *pě̀ně *pě̀nu *pě̀nasъ, *pě̀naxъ*
vocative *pě̀no *pě̀ně *pě̀ny
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Declension of *pěnà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm c)
singular dual plural
nominative *pěnà *pě̑ně *pě̑ny
genitive *pěný *pěnù *pě̃nъ
dative *pěně̀ *pěnàma *pěnàmъ
accusative *pě̑nǫ *pě̑ně *pě̑ny
instrumental *pěnojǫ́ *pěnàma *pěnàmi
locative *pě̑ně *pěnù *pěnàsъ, *pěnàxъ*
vocative *pěno *pě̑ně *pě̑ny
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.

Secondarily

Declension of *pě̄nà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm b)
singular dual plural
nominative *pě̄nà *pě̃ně *pě̄nỳ
genitive *pě̄nỳ *pě̄nù *pě̃nъ
dative *pě̄ně̀ *pě̄nàma *pě̄nàmъ
accusative *pě̄nǫ̀ *pě̃ně *pě̄nỳ
instrumental *pě̄nòjǫ, *pě̃nǫ** *pě̄nàma *pě̄nàmī
locative *pě̄ně̀ *pě̄nù *pě̄nàsъ, *pě̄nàxъ*
vocative *pěno *pě̃ně *pě̄nỳ
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Descendants[edit]

Further reading[edit]

  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “пе́на”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

References[edit]

  1. ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*pě̀na”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 397: “f. ā (a) ‘foam’”
  2. ^ Nikolajev, S. L. (2012) “Vostočnoslavjanskije refleksy akcentnoj paradigmy d i indojevropejskije sootvetstvija slavjanskim akcentnym tipam suščestvitelʹnyx mužskovo roda s o- i u-osnovami*”, in Karpato-balkanskij dialektnyj landšaft: Jazyk i kulʹtura‎[1] (in Russian), volume 2, Moscow: Institute for Slavic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, page 39: “*pě̋na, *pěna̋”
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