Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/soti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Probably reflects an archaic perfect of otherwise disputed root:

• Meillet, Vasmer: Derived from Proto-Indo-European *ḱep- (“to blow, to grunt”), akin to Sanskrit शपति (śapati, “to curse, to blame”).
• Snoj: From Proto-Indo-European *swep- (“to sleep”) (presumably originally: “to breathe heavily”), with counterparts in Baltic such as Lithuanian svėpúoti (“to inhale”), Latvian svēpēt (“to smoke”).

Verb

*so(p)ti impf (perfective *sopnǫti)

1. to wheeze, to whistle

   Synonym: *xripati

Alternative forms

• *sopěti (more frequently attested)

Conjugation

Conjugation of *soti, *so, *sopetь (impf., -V/C-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*sotьje	*soti	*sotъ	*solъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*sotъ	*sopomъ
Active	*sovъ	*sopy

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*soxъ	*so	*so	*sopǫ	*sopeši	*sopetь
Dual	*soxově	*sosta	*soste	*sopevě	*sopeta	*sopete
Plural	*soxomъ	*soste	*sošę	*sopemъ	*sopete	*sopǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*sopěaxъ	*sopěaše	*sopěaše	—	*sopi	*sopi
Dual	*sopěaxově	*sopěašeta	*sopěašete	*sopěvě	*sopěta	—
Plural	*sopěaxomъ	*sopěašete	*sopěaxǫ	*sopěmъ	*sopěte	—

Derived terms

• *sopati (“to snap at”) (factitive)
  • South Slavic:
    • Bulgarian: со́пам се pf (sópam se), со́пвам се impf (sópvam se)
• *sopъtiti (“to snot”)
• *sopotъ (“place with echo, resound”)
• *sopľь, *sopělь (“pipe, flute”)
• *sopьcь (“flute player”)
• *sopějь, *sopuxъ (“fuzz, blur, sooth”)
• *sopъlь, *sopolъ, *sopъľa (“snot”)

Related terms

• *sapъ (“groan”)
  • *sapati, *sapiti (“to whine, to groan”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Belarusian: сапці́ (sapcí)
  • Ukrainian: сопти́ (soptý) (dialectal, obsolete)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: соти (soti), сопсти (sopsti, “to play a flute”)

    Glagolitic script: ⱄⱁⱅⰺ (soti), ⱄⱁⱂⱄⱅⰺ (sopsti)

  • Slovene: sópsti (tonal orthography)

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “сопеть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Melnychuk, O. S., editor (2006), “сопіти”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volumes 5 (Р – Т), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN, page 355