Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tęťi
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *tingtei , from Proto-Indo-European *tengʰ-. Akin to Lithuanian tìngti (“to become slow”) (3sg. tìngsta), tingė́ti (“to be lazy”) (3sg. tìngi), Old Norse þyngja (“burden”), Old High German dīhsala (“drawbar, shaft”), Old Norse þīsl (“drawbar, shaft”), and possibly Latin tēmō (“drawbar, shaft”)(Can this(+) etymology be sourced?) < *tenk-smō.
Attested mainly in telic sense, reflecting an ancient root aorist[1] in the past tense and thematic root "imperfective" in present. Parallel to Proto-Slavic *tęgati, Proto-Slavic *tęgnǫti which convey atelic nuances.
Verb[edit]
*tęťi pf (imperfective *tęgati)[2]
Inflection[edit]
Conjugation of *tęťi, *tęže, *tęžetь (perf., -C-, _/ox-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *tęženьje | *tęťi | *tęťь | *tęglъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *tęženъ | — |
| Active | *tęgъ | — |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *tęg(ox)ъ | *tęže | *tęže | *tęgǫ | *tęžeši | *tęžetь |
| Dual | *tęg(ox)ově | *tęg(e/os)ta | *tęg(e/os)te | *tęževě | *tęžeta | *tęžete |
| Plural | *tęg(ox)omъ | *tęg(e/os)te | *tęgǫ, *tęgošę | *tęžemъ | *tęžete | *tęgǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | — | — | — | — | *tędzi | *tędzi |
| Dual | — | — | — | *tędzěvě | *tędzěta | — |
| Plural | — | — | — | *tędzěmъ | *tędzěte | — |
- Notes:
- Aorist *tęgeste ⇒ *tęžeste, ...
- In perfective verbs, present expresses future
Derived terms[edit]
- *tęgnǫti (“to pull”)
- *tęgati (“to pull, to extract”)
- *tęgъ, *tęga (“traction, weight”)
- *tęgota (“burden, suffering”)
- *tęgostь (“load, weight”)
Related terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
- East Slavic:
- Ukrainian: тягти́ (tjahtý)
- South Slavic:
Further reading[edit]
- Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “тя́га”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volumes 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 278
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “тя́га”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
References[edit]
- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*tʰengʰ-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 657
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*tęgti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 493