Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xa

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Onomatopoeic. Cognate with Lithuanian cha cha cha (“ha-ha”), Latvian ha.

Interjection

*xa or *xa-xa

1. ha ha (sound of laughter)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Belarusian: ха (xa); ха-ха́ (xa-xá), ха-ха-ха́ (xa-xa-xá)
  • Russian: ха (xa); ха-ха́ (xa-xá), ха-ха-ха́ (xa-xa-xá)
  • Ukrainian: ха (xa), га (ha); ха-ха́ (xa-xá), ха-ха-ха́ (xa-xa-xá), га-га́ (ha-há), га-га-га́ (ha-ha-há)
• South Slavic:
  • Bulgarian: ха (ha); ха̣ (hạ) (dialectal)
  • Macedonian: ха (ha); ха хаа (ha haa)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: ха̏; ха̑ ха̑

    Latin script: hȁ; hȃ hȃ

  • Slovene: hà; hahȃ
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: cha; chacha
  • Polish: cha-cha, cha cha cha, ha ha ha
  • Slovak: cha
  • Slovincian: ha
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: cha cha cha; ha, haha
    • Upper Sorbian: kha

Further reading

• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1981), “*xa, *xa-xa”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 8 (*xa – *jьvьlga), Moscow: Nauka, page 7
• Melnychuk, O. S., editor (2012), “ха”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volumes 6 (У – Я), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN, page 145
• Snoj, Marko (2016) “hahȃ”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si