Reconstruction:Proto-Uralic/kale-

This Proto-Uralic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Uralic

Reconstruction

The Finnic and Samoyedic reflexes point to *kale-, while the Samic and Mordvinic reflexes point to *kola-. According to Aikio (2016), the latter is a regular secondary development.

Verb

*kale-

1. to die

Derived terms

• *kalma

Descendants

• Proto-Samoyedic: *kåə-
  • Enets: kaja
  • Nenets
    • Tundra Nenets: ха (χā)
  • Selkup:
    • Northern Selkup: ӄуӄа (quqa)
    • Southern Selkup:
      • Narym: ку́гу
      • Upper Ob: куугу
• Ugric:
  • Hungarian: hal
  • Khanty:
    • Eastern Khanty: колта (kolta)
  • Mansi
    • Northern Mansi: хо̄луӈкве (hōluňkwe)
• Proto-Permic: *kulni (see there for further descendants)
• Mari
  • Eastern Mari: колаш (kolaš)
• Proto-Mordvinic: *kuləms (see there for further descendants)
• >? Proto-Samic: *koalōtēk (“to freeze”) (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Finnic: *kooldak (see there for further descendants)

References

• Aikio, Ante. 2016. "The Finnic 'secondary e-stems' and Proto-Uralic vocalism". Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Aikakauskirja 95, pp. 25–66.
• Rédei, Károly (1986–88) Uralisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Uralic Etymological Dictionary] (in German), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó
• Sammallahti, Pekka (1988) “Historical Phonology of the Uralic Languages”, in Denis, Sinor, editor, The Uralic Languages: Description, History and Foreign Influences, Leiden: E. J. Brill, →ISBN, pages 478-554

External links

• Entry #339 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.