User:AugPi/grammar

Parts of Speech

interjection	preposition	conjunction
pronoun	noun	verb
determiner	adjective	adverb

Articles and numerals as subsumed under determiner. (For dictionary purposes these two should be considered separate, though.) Participles as straddling verb, noun, adjectives, and adverbs, or subsumed under verb. (See singing. When a participle acts as noun or adjective and therethrough acquires special meaning then those special meanings are spun off into separate Noun and Adjective sections, whereas participle proper is listed under Verb; a fraction of a verb, as it were.)

Articles

Kinds thereof

• indefinite
• definite

Adjectives

Wiktionary:English adjectives

Kinds thereof

• predicative
• attributive

Determiners

http://www.englishpractice.com/improve/determiners/

Kinds thereof

• possessive (e.g.: Interlingua vostre, Spanish mi)
• demonstrative (e.g.: Interlingua iste, Esperanto tia)
• quantifying ($\forall ,\exists$) (e.g.: Esperanto ĉia; Interlingua sol, ambe)
• relative (e.g., Interlingua qual)
• articles
• numbers/numerals

Pronouns

Kinds thereof

• (personal)
• interrogative (e.g.: Esperanto kio)
• relative (e.g.: Esperanto kio)
• possessive (e.g.: Spanish mío)
• demonstrative (e.g.: Interlingua isto, Esperanto tio)

Interjections

In the vocative case, as it were. (E.g., Spanish por favor, Esperanto bonvolu, Dutch welkom.)

Verbs

Forms thereof

• infinitive
• imperative
• finite
• participle

Nouns

Kinds thereof

• proper
• common
  • concrete
  • abstract

Typology

• analytic language vs. synthetic language
  • example of analytic language: Hawaiian language
• Subject-Verb-Object (SVO)
  • Chinese grammar
• Verb-Subject-Object (VSO)
  • Hawaiian language

Interesting grammars

• Case grammar
• Context Free Grammar
  • Definite Clause Grammars
• Generative grammar
  • Transformational Grammar
  • Lexical Functional Grammar

Formal semantics

• Discourse representation theory

Sentence parsing

• Learn Prolog Now!, Chapter 7, DCGs
  • CFG
    • BNF
• EBNF
  • Recursive Skeleton English
• Mildly Context-Sensitive Grammar
  • Tree Adjoining Grammar
    • XTAG Project
• parse tree
• sentence diagram
  • Reed-Kellogg
    • Reed-Kellogg Diagrammer
  • Tree diagram
    • phpSyntaxTree "drawing syntax trees made easy"
  • Lexical Functional Grammar
    • http://iness.uib.no/xle-web/xle-web