bṯ

See also: bt, Bt, BT, bT, and .bt

Egyptian

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /bɛt͡ʃ/
  • Conventional anglicization: betj

Verb

 2-lit.

1. (intransitive) to run [since the Pyramid Texts]
2. (intransitive, of the inundation) to rush by [New Kingdom and Greco-Roman Period]
3. (transitive) to abandon (someone), to forsake, to leave in the lurch [since the Middle Kingdom]
4. (transitive) to run through (a place) [New Kingdom and Greco-Roman Period]

Inflection

Conjugation of bṯ (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: bṯ, geminated stem: bṯṯ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
bṯ	bṯw, bṯ	bṯt	bṯ, j.bṯ	bṯ, j.bṯ

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
bṯ	ḥr bṯ	m bṯ	r bṯ

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	bṯ.n	bṯw, bṯ	consecutive	bṯ.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	bṯt
perfective3	bṯ	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	bṯ.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	bṯ, j.bṯ1	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	bṯ	bṯṯ	potentialis1	bṯ.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	bṯ, j.bṯ1	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	bṯ.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	bṯ	active + .tj1, .tw2	bṯ	bṯṯ, bṯṯj6, bṯ2, bṯw2 5, bṯy2 5
imperfective	j.bṯ1, bṯ, bṯy, bṯw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	j.bṯ1, j.bṯw1 5, bṯ, bṯj6, bṯy6	bṯ, bṯw5
prospective	bṯ, bṯtj7	—	bṯtj4, bṯt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of bṯ  

bṯ	btꜣ	btꜣ	bt	bt	bṯ	bṯ
[Old Kingdom]	[Middle Kingdom]	[Middle Kingdom]	[New Kingdom]	[New Kingdom]	[Greco-Roman Period]	[Greco-Roman Period]

References

• “bṯ (lemma ID 854510)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎^[1], Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[2], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 484.15, 485.6–10
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 86