run

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See also rún, and rùn

Contents

English [edit]

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Etymology [edit]

From Middle English ronnen (“to run”), alteration (due to the past participle yronne) of Middle English rinnen (“to run”), from Old English rinnan, iernan (“to run”) and Old Norse rinna (“to run”), both from Proto-Germanic *rinnaną (“to run”) (compare also *rannijaną (“to make run”)), from Proto-Indo-European *ren- (“to rise; to sink”). Cognate with Scots rin (“to run”), West Frisian rinne (“to walk, march”), Dutch rennen (“to run, race”), German rennen (“to run”), Danish rinde (“to run”), Swedish rinna (“to run”), Icelandic renna (“to flow”). Cognate with Albanian rend (“to run, run after”). See random.

Pronunciation [edit]

a runner running (sense 1)
diagram of stairs, showing the run
Stockings with a run (line of stitches that has come undone) in them

Noun [edit]

run (plural runs)

  1. Act or instance of running, of moving rapidly using the feet.
    I just got back from my morning run.
    • 2012 June 9, Owen Phillips, “Euro 2012: Netherlands 0-1 Denmark”, BBC Sport:
      Krohn-Dehli took advantage of a lucky bounce of the ball after a battling run on the left flank by Simon Poulsen, dummied two defenders and shot low through goalkeeper Maarten Stekelenburg's legs after 24 minutes.
  2. Act or instance of hurrying (to or from a place) (not necessarily by foot); dash or errand, trip.
    • 1759, N. Tindal, The Continuation of Mr Rapin's History of England, volume 21 (continuation volume 9), page 92:
      […] and on the 18th of January this squadron put to sea. The first place of rendezvous was the boy of port St. Julian, upon the coast of Patagonia, and all accidents were provided against with admirable foresight. Their run to port St. Julian was dangerous […]
    I need to make a run to the store.
  3. Pleasure trip.
    Let's go for a run in the car.
  4. Flight, instance or period of fleeing.
    • 2006, Tsirk Susej, The Demonic Bible (ISBN 1411690737), page 41:
      During his run from the police, he claimed to have a metaphysical experience which can only be described as “having passed through an abyss.”
  5. Migration (of fish).
  6. (skiing, bobsledding) A single trip down a hill, as in skiing and bobsledding.
  7. A (regular) trip or route.
    The bus on the Cherry Street run is always crowded.
  8. The route taken while running or skiing.
    Which run did you do today?
  9. An enclosure for an animal; a track or path along which something can travel.
    He set up a rabbit run.
  10. (Australia, New Zealand) Rural landholding for farming, usually for running sheep, and operated by a runholder.
  11. A continuous period (of time) marked by a trend; a period marked by a continuing trend.
    I’m having a run of bad luck.
    He went to Las Vegas and spent all his money over a three-day run.
    1. A series of tries in a game that were successful.
    2. A sequence of cards in a suit in a card game.
  12. (music) A rapid passage in music, especially along a scale.
  13. A trial of an experiment.
    The data got lost, so I'll have to perform another run of the experiment.
  14. A flow of liquid; a leak.
    The constant run of water from the faucet annoys me.
  15. (US, dialect) A small creek or part thereof.
    The military campaign near that creek was known as The battle of Bull Run.
  16. The amount of something made.
    The book’s initial press run will be 5,000 copies.
  17. A production quantity in a factory.
    Yesterday we did a run of 12,000 units.
  18. The length of a showing of a play, film, TV series or season or themes/genres of such.
    The run of the show lasted two weeks, and we sold out every night.
    It is the last week of our French cinema run.
  19. A quick pace, faster than a walk.
    He broke into a run.
    1. (of horses) A fast gallop.
  20. A sudden series of demands on a bank or other financial institution, especially characterised by great withdrawals.
    Financial insecurity led to a run on the banks, as customers feared for the security of their savings.
  21. Any sudden large demand for something.
    There was a run on Christmas presents.
  22. The top of a step on a staircase, also called a tread, as opposed to the rise.
  23. The horizontal length of a set of stairs
  24. A standard or unexceptional group or category.
    He stood out from the usual run of applicants.
  25. (baseball) A score (point scored) by a runner making it around all the bases and over home plate.
  26. (cricket) A point scored.
  27. (American football) A gain of a (specified) distance; a running play.
    […] one of the greatest runs of all time.
    • 2003, Jack Seibold, Spartan Sports Encyclopedia, page 592:
      Aaron Roberts added an insurance touchdown on a one-yard run.
  28. (Can we clean up(+) this sense?) Unrestricted use of an area.
    He can have the run of the house.
  29. A line of knit stitches that have unravelled, particularly in a nylon stocking.
    I have a run in my stocking.
  30. (nautical) The stern of the underwater body of a ship from where it begins to curve upward and inward.
  31. (construction) Horizontal dimension of a slope.

Synonyms [edit]

Antonyms [edit]

  • (horizontal part of a step): rise, riser
  • (horizontal distance of a set of stairs): rise

Derived terms [edit]

Translations [edit]

the act of running
the route taken while running
flow of liquid
creek
amount of something made
faster than a walk
gallop
interval of distance or time
enclosure for animals
nautical equipment
unravelled stitches
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Help:How to check translations.
Translations to be checked

See also [edit]

Adjective [edit]

run (not comparable)

  1. In a liquid state; melted or molten.
    Put some run butter on the vegetables.
    • 1921, L. W. Ferris, H. W. Redfield and W. R. North, The Volatile Acids and the Volatile Oxidizable Substances of Cream and Experimental Butter, in the Journal of Dairy Science, volume 4 (1921), page 522:
      Samples of the regular run butter were sealed in 1 pound tins and sent to Washington, where the butter was scored and examined.
  2. Cast in a mould.
    • 1735, Thomas Frankz, A tour through France, Flanders, and Germany: in a letter to Robert Savil, page 18:
      […] the Sides are generally made of Holland's Tiles, or Plates of run Iron, ornamented variously as Fancy dictates, […]
    • 1833, The Cabinet Cyclopaedia: A treatise on the progressive improvement and present state of the Manufactures in Metal, volume 2, Iron and Steel (printed in London), page 314:
      Vast quantities are cast in sand moulds, with that kind of run steel which is so largely used in the production of common table-knives and forks.
    • circa 1839, (Richard of Raindale, The Plan of my House vindicated, quoted by) T. T. B. in the Dwelling of Richard of Raindale, King of the Moors, published in The Mirror, number 966, 7 September 1839, page 153:
      For making tea I have a kettle,
      Besides a pan made of run metal;
      An old arm-chair, in which I sit well —
      The back is round.
  3. Exhausted; depleted (especially with "down" or "out").
  4. (of a fish) Travelled, migrated; having made a migration or a spawning run.
    • 1889, Henry Cholmondeley-Pennell, Fishing: Salmon and Trout, fifth edition, page 185:
      The temperature of the water is consequently much higher than in either England or Scotland, and many newly run salmon will be found in early spring in the upper waters of Irish rivers where obstructions exist.
    • 1986, Arthur Oglesby, Fly fishing for salmon and sea trout, page 15:
      It may be very much a metallic appearance as opposed to the silver freshness of a recently run salmon.
    • 2005, Rod Sutterby, Malcolm Greenhalgh, Atlantic Salmon: An Illustrated Natural History, page 86:
      Thus, on almost any day of the year, a fresh-run salmon may be caught legally somewhere in the British Isles.

Verb [edit]

run (third-person singular simple present runs, present participle running, simple past ran, past participle run)

  1. (intransitive) To move forward quickly upon two feet by alternately making a short jump off of either foot. (Compare walk.)
    Run, Sarah, run!
  2. (intransitive) To go at a fast pace, to move quickly.
    The horse ran the length of the track.
    I have been running all over the building looking for him.
    Sorry, I've got to run; my house is on fire.
  3. (intransitive, figuratively) To move or spread quickly.
    There's a strange story running around the neighborhood.
    The flu is running through my daughter's kindergarten.
  4. (transitive) To cause to move quickly; to make move lightly.
    Every day I run my dog across the field and back.
    I'll just run the vacuum cleaner over the carpet.
    Run your fingers through my hair.
    Can you run these data through the program for me and tell me whether it gives an error?
  5. (transitive) To control or manage, be in charge of.
    • 2013 May 11, “What a waste”, The Economist, volume 407, number 8835, page 12: 
      India is run by gerontocrats and epigones: grey hairs and groomed heirs.
    My uncle ran a corner store for forty years.
    She runs the fundraising.
    My parents think they run my life.
  6. (intransitive) Of a liquid, to flow.
    The river runs through the forest.
    There's blood running down your leg.
  7. (intransitive) Of an object, to have a liquid flowing from it.
    Your nose is running.
    Why is the hose still running?
    My cup runneth over.
  8. (transitive) To make a liquid flow; to make liquid flow from an object.
    You'll have to run the water a while before it gets hot.
    Run the tap until the water gets hot.
  9. (intransitive) To extend in space or through a range (often with a measure phrase).
    The border runs for 3000 miles.
    The leash runs along a wire.
    The grain of the wood runs to the right on this table.
    It ran in quality from excellent to substandard.
  10. (intransitive) To extend in time, to last, to continue (usually with a measure phrase).
    The sale will run for ten days.
    The contract runs through 2008.
    The meeting ran late.
    The book runs 655 pages.
    The speech runs as follows:...
  11. (transitive) To make something extend in space.
    I need to run this wire along the wall.
  12. (intransitive) Of a machine, including computer programs, to be operating or working normally.
    My car stopped running.
    That computer runs twenty-four hours a day.
    Buses don't run here on Sunday.
  13. (transitive) To make a machine operate.
    It's full. You can run the dishwasher now.
    Don't run the engine so fast.
  14. (transitive) To execute or carry out a plan, procedure, or program.
    They ran twenty blood tests on me and they still don't know what's wrong.
    Our coach had us running plays for the whole practice.
    I will run the sample.
    Don't run that software unless you have permission.
    My computer is too old to run the new OS.
  15. (transitive or intransitive) To compete in a race.
    The horse will run the Preakness next year.
    I'm not ready to run a marathon.
  16. (intransitive) To be a candidate in an election.
    I have decided to run for governor of California.
    We're trying to find somebody to run against him next year.
  17. (transitive) To make run in a race or an election.
    He ran his best horse in the Derby.
    The Green Party is running twenty candidates in this election.
  18. (transitive) To achieve or perform by running or as if by running.
    The horse ran a great race.
    He is running an expensive campaign.
  19. (intransitive) To be presented in one of the media.
    The story will run on the 6-o'clock news.
    The latest Robin Williams movie is running at the Silver City theatre.
    Her picture ran on the front page of the newspaper.
  20. (transitive) To print or broadcast in the media.
    run a story
    run an ad
  21. (intransitive) To leak or spread in an undesirable fashion , to bleed (especially used of dye or paint).
    He discovered during washing that the red rug ran on his white sheet, staining it pink.
  22. copulative To become different in a way mentioned (usually to become worse).
    Our supplies are running low.
    • 1968, Paul Simon, Boxer
      I was no more than a boy / In the company of strangers / In the quiet of the railway station / Running scared.
  23. (transitive) To go through without stopping, usually illegally.
    run a red light or stop sign
    run a blockade
  24. (transitive) To transport someone or something.
    Could you run me over to the store?
    Please run this report upstairs to director's office.
  25. (transitive) To smuggle illegal goods.
    run guns
    run rum
  26. (transitive) To cost a large amount of money.
    Buying a new laptop will run you a thousand dollars.
    Laptops run about a thousand dollars apiece.
  27. (intransitive) Of fish, to migrate for spawning.
  28. (intransitive, soccer) To carry a football down the field.
  29. (intransitive) Of stitches, to unravel.
    My stocking is running.
  30. (intransitive) To flee away from a danger or towards help.
    Whenever things get tough, she cuts and runs.
    When he's broke, he runs to me for money.
  31. (transitive, agriculture) To sort through a large volume of produce in quality control.
    Looks like we're gonna have to run the tomatoes again.
  32. (intransitive) To control or have precedence in a card game.
    Every three or four hands he would run the table.
  33. (transitive, juggling, colloquial) To juggle a pattern continuously, as opposed to starting and stopping quickly.

Synonyms [edit]

The terms below need to be checked and allocated to the definitions (senses) of the headword above. Each term should appear in the sense for which it is appropriate. Use the template {{sense|"gloss"}}, substituting a short version of the definition for "gloss".

Derived terms [edit]

phrasal verbs
single words and compounds
multiple words
idioms

Related terms [edit]

Translations [edit]

to move quickly on two feet
to move quickly
to move or spread quickly
to cause to move quickly
to be in charge of
to flow
to have a liquid flowing from
to make a liquid flow
to extend in space or through a range
to extend in time, to last, to continue
to make something extend in space
of a machine, to be operating normally
to make a machine operate
to execute or carry out a plan, procedure or program
to compete in a race
to be a candidate in an election
to make run in a race or an election
to be presented in one of the media
to print or broadcast in the media
to leak, spread or bleed in an undesirable fashion
to become different, usually worse
to go through without stopping
to transport someone or something
to smuggle illegal goods — see smuggle
to cost a large amount of money
of fish, to migrate for spawning
soccer: to carry a football down the field
of stitches, to unravel
to flee away from a danger or towards help
agriculture: to sort through
to control or have precedence in a card game
juggling: to juggle a pattern continuously

Statistics [edit]

Anagrams [edit]

Dutch [edit]

Verb [edit]

run

  1. first-person singular present indicative of runnen
  2. imperative of runnen

Gothic [edit]

Romanization [edit]

run

  1. See 𐍂𐌿𐌽

Jèrriais [edit]

Etymology [edit]

EB1911 - Volume 01 - Page 001 - 1.svg This entry lacks etymological information. If you are familiar with the origin of this term, please add it to the page as described here.

Noun [edit]

run m (plural runs)

  1. beam

Lojban [edit]

Rafsi [edit]

run

  1. rafsi of rutni.

Mandarin [edit]

Romanization [edit]

run

  1. Nonstandard spelling of rún.
  2. Nonstandard spelling of rùn.

Usage notes [edit]

English transcriptions of Chinese speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Chinese language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.

Old English [edit]

Etymology [edit]

From the Proto-Germanic *rūnō. Cognate with the Old Saxon rūna, Old High German rūna (German Raun), Old Norse rún, and Gothic 𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌰 (rūna).

Pronunciation [edit]

Noun [edit]

rūn f (nominative plural rūna or rūne)

  1. mystery, secret
    rune healdan (to keep one's counsel)
  2. advice, counsel
  3. writing; a rune

Descendants [edit]

See also [edit]

Polish [edit]

Noun [edit]

run

  1. Genitive plural of runo.
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