to

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See also Appendix:Variations of "to", and Appendix:ISO 639-1 language codes

Contents

[edit] English

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[edit] Etymology

From Middle English to (“to”), from Old English tō (“to”), from Proto-Germanic *tō, *ta (“to”), from Proto-Indo-European *de, *do (“to”). Cognate with Low German to (“to”), Dutch toe (“to”), German zu (“to”), West Frisian ta (“to”).

[edit] Pronunciation

Stressed

Unstressed

[edit] Particle

to

  1. A particle used for marking the following verb as an infinitive.
    I want to leave.
    He asked me what to do.
    I don’t know how to say it.
    I have places to go and people to see.
    To err is human. (Alexander Pope 1711)
    To be, or not to be: that is the question: (Hamlet c.1600)
    • 2010 July, Associated Press, headline [1]:
      Odds are, BP to get new CEO this year
    • 2011 April 10, Alistair Magowan, “Aston Villa 1 - 0 Newcastle”, BBC Sport:
      To that end, the home supporters were in good voice to begin with, but it was Newcastle who started the game in the ascendancy, with Barton putting a diving header over the top from Jose Enrique's cross.
  2. (colloquial) As above, with the verb implied.
    "Did you visit the museum?" "I wanted to, but it was closed."
    If he hasn't read it yet, he ought to.

[edit] Usage notes

  • Traditional British usage adds a verb after to, that is, does not use the second sense above.

[edit] Derived terms

[edit] Translations

infinitive-marker

[edit] Preposition

to

  1. indicating destination In the direction of, and arriving at.
    We are walking to the shop.
  2. Used to indicate purpose
    He devoted himself to education.
    They drank to his health.
  3. Used to indicate result of action
    His face was beaten to a pulp.
  4. Used after an adjective to indicate its application.
    similar to ..., relevant to ..., pertinent to ..., I was nice to him, he was cruel to her, I am used to walking.
  5. (arithmetic) Used to indicate ratios.
    one to one = 1:1
    ten to one = 10:1.
  6. (arithmetic) Used to indicate that the preceding term is to be raised to the power of the following value; indicates exponentiation.
    Three squared or three to the second power is nine.
    Three to the power of two is nine.
    Three to the second is nine.
  7. Used to indicate the indirect object.
    I gave the book to him.
  8. (time) Preceding
    ten to ten = 9:50; We're going to leave at ten to (the hour).
  9. (Canada, UK, Newfoundland, West Midlands) at
    Stay where you're to and I'll come find you, b'y.

[edit] Translations

in the direction of, and arriving at
used after certain adjectives to indicate a relationship
used to indicate ratios
used to indicated exponentiation
used to indicate the indirect object
time: preceding

[edit] See also

[edit] Adverb

to (not comparable)

  1. Common misspelling of too.
  2. Toward a closed, touching or engaging position.
    Please would you push the door to.
  3. (nautical) Into the wind.

[edit] Synonyms

  • (toward a closed, touching or engaging position): closed, shut

[edit] Antonyms

  • (toward a closed, touching or engaging position): open, ajar

[edit] Translations

Translations

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  • Andrea Tyler and Vyvyan Evans, "Spatial particles of orientation", in The Semantics of English Prepositions: Spatial Scenes, Embodied Meaning and Cognition, Cambridge University Press, 2003, 0-521-81430 8

[edit] Statistics

[edit] Anagrams

[edit] Czech

[edit] Pronunciation

[edit] Pronoun

to n.

  1. it, that

[edit] Danish

[edit] Etymology 1

From Old Norse tveir, from Proto-Germanic *twai, from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁ (“two”).

[edit] Pronunciation

  • IPA: /toː/, [tˢoːˀ]

[edit] Numeral

to

  1. (cardinal) two

[edit] Etymology 2

From Old Norse þvá (“wash”), from Proto-Germanic *þwahanan.

[edit] Pronunciation

  • IPA: /toː/, [tˢoːˀ]

[edit] Verb

to (imperative to, infinitive at to, present tense tor, past tense toede, past participle har toet)

  1. (dated) wash

[edit] Ewe

[edit] Noun

to

  1. antelope
  2. ear
  3. father-in-law
  4. mortar
  5. mountain

[edit] Verb

to

  1. to crush
  2. to pound

[edit] Finnish

[edit] Abbreviation

to (from torstai)

  1. Thursday

[edit] Ido

[edit] Pronoun

to

  1. (demonstrative) this (thing)

[edit] Japanese

[edit] Syllable

to

  1. The hiragana syllable と (to) or the katakana syllable ト (to) in Hepburn romanization.

[edit] Particle

to (hiragana と)

  1. and; with
  2. (used after certain nouns, forms an adverb)
  3. if
  4. when

[edit] Noun

to (hiragana と)

  1. 戸: Japanese-style door
  2. 都: metropolis

[edit] Suffix

to (hiragana と)

  1. person

[edit] Lojban

[edit] Cmavo

to

  1. Marks the start of a parenthetical clause or phrase, which is ended by 'toi'.

[edit] Related terms

[edit] Lower Sorbian

[edit] Pronunciation

[edit] Pronoun

to

  1. this

[edit] Norwegian

[edit] Cardinal number

to

  1. (cardinal) two

[edit] Old English

[edit] Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *tō, *ta (“to”), from Proto-Indo-European *de, *do (“to”). Cognate with Old Saxon tō (“to”), Old High German zuo (“to”).

[edit] Preposition

tō

  1. to, into
  2. at
  3. (grammar) used to mark the infinitive (supine) of the verb
    tō drīfenne (“to drive”)

[edit] Adverb

tō

  1. besides
  2. in addition, also, too; moreover

[edit] Descendants

[edit] Polish

[edit] Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *to, from Proto-Indo-European *tód

[edit] Pronunciation

[edit] Pronoun

to n.

  1. (demonstrative) this (nearby, neuter)

[edit] Declension

    declension of to
singular plural
nominative to te
genitive tego tych
dative temu tym
accusative to te
instrumental tym tymi
locative tym tych
vocative – –

[edit] See also

[edit] Slovene

[edit] Pronoun

to n.

  1. (demonstrative) this

[edit] Vietnamese

[edit] Adjective

to

  1. big, large
  2. great, considerable

[edit] Derived terms

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