-i

See also Appendix:Variations of "i"

English

Etymology 1

From Latin -ī, the plural ending of the Latin second declension, whence the plural of Italian nouns in -o and -e.

Suffix

-i

1. used to indicate a plural form of some words of Latin or Italian origin, such as virtuosi or concerti

References

• OED, s.v. "-i, suffix¹".

Etymology 2

From the Arabic nisba suffix ـي (-ī, -iyy). In English productive from the 19th century.

Suffix

-i

1. Used to form adjectives and nouns describing people of a particular city, region, or country, and the language spoken by these people.

   Iraq → Iraqi, Israel → Israeli, Pakistan → Pakistani, Bengal → Bengali, Nepal → Nepali, Desh → Desi, Hyderabad → Hyderabadi

References

• OED, s.v. "-i, suffix²".

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Esperanto

Etymology 1

Perhaps from Latin deponent verbs such as loqui "to speak".

Suffix

-i

1. (verbal inflection marking the infinitive)

Etymology 2

Common to English e (pronounced [i]) in me, she, he, we and the Italian accusative pronouns mi, ti, vi, li, si.

Suffix

-i

1. common vowel of personal pronouns: mi, ni, ci, vi, li, ŝi, ĝi, oni, ili, si.

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Finnish

Etymology 1

From fusion of Proto-Uralic *-j with a stem vowel. Originally allomorphic with -o.

Suffix

-i

1. A nominal suffix used in eg. syle- (“fathom”) → syli (“bosom”), ukko (“man”) → ukki (“grandfather”).
2. (archaic) Used to mark the first part of a compound word, eg. lehmä (“cow”) → lehmi-.

See also

• -kki
• -ri

Etymology 2

Suffix

-i

1. Derives a number of adverbs of generally lative or locative meaning, eg. aukea- (“to open”) → auki (“open”), ylä- (“upper, high”) → yli (“over”).

See also

• -lti
• -sti
• -ti

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German

Pronunciation

• IPA: [i]

Suffix

-i

1. sometimes used to create a diminutive form, as in Hans → Hansi

Derived terms

• Fundi
• Pulli

See also

• -lein
• -chen
• -erl (Austrian dialect)

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Hungarian

Pronunciation

• IPA: /ˈi/

Suffix

-i

1. Added to a proper noun or a noun to form an adjective.

   Amerika (“America”) → amerikai (“American”)

   város (“city”) → városi élet (“city life”)

2. Diminutive suffix added to nouns, mostly used by the younger generation or in informal conversations.

   fagylalt → fagyi - ice cream

3. his, her, its ... -s (third-person singular possessive suffix denoting plural possession)

   kapu (“gate”) → a kapui (“his/her/its gates”)

   palota (“palace”) → a palotái (“his/her/its palaces”)

   érme (“coin”) → az érméi (“his/her/its coins”)

4. your ... -s (second-person singular and plural formal and polite possessive suffix denoting plural possession)

   kapu (“gate”) → a maga kapui (“your (singular, formal) gates”)

   kapu (“gate”) → az ön kapui (“your (singular, polite) gates”)

   kapu (“gate”) → a maguk kapui (“your (plural, formal) gates”)

   kapu (“gate”) → az önök kapui (“your (plural, polite) gates”)

Usage notes

• (possessive suffix): Member of the following suffix cluster.

  -i is added to words ending in a vowel except -i. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.

  -ai is added to some back vowel words ending in a consonant

  -ei is added to some front vowel words ending in a consonant

  -jai is added to some back vowel words ending in a consonant or the vowel -i.

  -jei is added to some front vowel words ending in a consonant or the vowel -i.

See also

• Category:Hungarian adjectives suffixed with -i
• Category:Hungarian words suffixed with -i
• Category:Hungarian noun forms - possessive
• Appendix:Hungarian possessive suffixes
• Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

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Ido

Suffix

-i

1. -s (Marks the plural form of nouns, by replacing the -o ending.)

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Italian

Suffix

-i

1. Used with a stem to form the second-person singular present of regular are, -ere verbs and those -ire verbs that don't take "isc"
2. Used with a stem to form the second-person imperative of -ere verbs
3. Used with a stem to form the first-, second- and third person singular present subjunctive of -are verbs
4. Used with a stem to form the third-person singular imperative of -are verbs

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Jèrriais

Etymology

From Latin -īre, the ending of the present active infinitive form of fourth conjugation verbs.

Suffix

-i

1. A suffix forming infinitives of many verbs.

Derived terms

[+] Jèrriais words suffixed with -i

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Malay

Pronunciation

• IPA: /i/
• Rhymes: -i

Suffix

-i

1. locative, repetitive, or exhaustive.

   Sayangi Kuala Lumpur.

   Love Kuala Lumpur.

   Renangi kolam itu.

   Swim that pool.

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Old High German

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *-į̄.

Suffix

-ī

1. productive suffix used to form abstract nouns from adjectives

   menigī, managī (“crowd, amount”) from manag (“many”)

   tiufī (“depth”) from tiuf (“deep”)

   finstrī, finstarī (“darkness”) from finstar (“dark”)

   hōhī (“height”) from hōh (“high”)

   lengī (“length”) from lang (“long”)

   breitī (“breadth”) from breit (“broad”)

Declension

Female n-declension

Descendants

• German: -e
• Middle High German: -e

Derived terms

[+] Old High German words suffixed with -i

Etymology 2

Cognate to Gothic -𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (-eins).

Suffix

-ī

1. non-productive suffix used to form action nouns from weak verbs

   toufī (“baptism”) from toufen (“to baptise”)

   welī (“choice”) from wellen (“to choose”)

Declension

Female n-declension

Usage notes

In Old High German, this suffix is neither frequent nor productive. Many weak verbs have action nouns with -unga instead.

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Old Irish

Pronunciation

• IPA: /i/

Suffix

-i (suffixed pronoun)

1. him
2. it (object pronoun)

Usage notes

This suffix is used only after 3rd person singular forms. After 1st person singular forms in -(e)a, 1st person plural forms in -mi, and 3rd person plural forms in -(a)it, the suffix -it is sometimes used.

Related terms

• a- (class A infixed pronoun)
• d- (class B & C infixed pronoun)
• id-, did- (class C infixed pronouns)
• -it (suffixed pronoun sometimes used after certain other verb forms than 3rd person singular)

Derived terms

Category Old Irish words suffixed with -i not found

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Romanian

Etymology 1

From Latin -ī (“second-declension ending”)

Suffix

-i

1. (plural) -s (masculine)

Usage notes

• This form of the plural is indefinite, and used for masculine nouns in the nominative/accusative and genitive/dative cases, regardless of singular form. The suffix may cause phonetic changes or vowel deletion (or both):
• lupi, from lup
• tați, from tată
• fii, from fiu
• frăți, from frate

Etymology 2

From Latin illī, nominative masculine plural of ille.

Suffix

-i m

1. (definite article) the (masculine plural, nominative and accusative)

Usage notes

This form of the definite article is used for masculine plural nouns in the nominative and accusative cases (as attached to the indefinite plural, which always ends in a vowel):

• lupii, from lupi
• tații, from tați
• fiii, from fii
• frății, from frăți
• copiii, from copii

The suffix is also used with masculine and neuter singular plural adjectives in the nominative and accusative cases to make the articulated definite form, often for emphasis, and it is used before the noun it modifies.

Related terms

-l (masculine/neuter singular nominative and accusative) -a (feminine singular nominative and accusative) -le (feminine plural nominative and accusative)

-lui (masculine/neuter singular genitive and dative) -ei (feminine singular genitive and dative) -lor (plural genitive and dative)

Etymology 3

From Latin -īre, the ending of the present active infinitive form of fourth conjugation verbs. Cognate with Spanish and French -ir, Italian -ire, etc.

Suffix

-i

1. A suffix forming infinitives of many verbs.

Usage notes

• Most verbs with infinitives in -i are marked by the once-inchoative infix -esc- in many parts of their conjugation, as well as in various derived words; two such verbs are a vorbi (“to say”) and a iubi (“to love”).
• A sizable group of verbs have infinitives in -i but do not use the infix -esc-, and are otherwise fairly regular; these include, among others, the common verb a dormi (“sleep”), a simți (“feel”), a auzi (“hear”).
• There is a variant form, -î, derived from the same Latin source.

See also

• ‎-ea‎
• ‎-î‎
• ‎-e‎
• ‎-a‎

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Swedish

Suffix

-i

1. -y; when added to one noun, creates a new one that indicates the use or activity of the first. See also -eri.

Derived terms

[+] Swedish words suffixed with -i

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Turkish

Suffix

-i

1. Third-person singular possessive suffix denoting singular possession.

   ev - evi

   house - his/her/its house

   ofis - ofisi

   office - his/her/its office

2. Accusative suffix.

   gelin - gelini

Usage notes

• It's used only when the word's last vowel is "e" or "i". It may change into "-ı", "-u" and "-ü" according to the last vowel of the word. (possession suffix)

  kız - kızı (the last vowel is "a" or "ı")

  yol - yolu (the last vowel is "o" or "u")

  yüz - yüzü (the last vowel is "ö" or "ü")

• If the word ends in "p", "ç", "t" or "k", it may change them into "b", "c", "d" and "ğ".

  sebep - sebebi

  çekiç - çekici

  senet - senedi

  çiçek - çiçeği

• If the word ends in a vowel, it's used with an auxiliary consonant; "y" for the accusative case suffix and "s" for the possessive suffix

  kedi - kediyi

  kedi - kedisi

• It must be used with an apostrophe if it's appended to a proper noun.

  Zafer - Zafer'i

  Ali - Ali'yi / Ali'si

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Uzbek

Suffix

-i (-и)

1. Third person singular possessive suffix. Used after a noun ending in a consonant. It has the same meaning as uning (“its”) placed before a noun.
   • Bu kitobi.

     "This is its book."

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Volapük

Suffix

-i

1. A morpheme used to mark the accusative singular of a word (such as a noun or pronoun).

   Dog beiton mani. / Mani beiton dog.

   The dog bites the man.

   Mot löfof omi. / Omi löfof mot. (a.s., hicili, soni, u higaaporn)

   The mother loves him. (e.g., the (male) child, son, or (male) lovebird)