ka-

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English

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Prefix

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ka-

  1. Alternative form of ker-

Derived terms

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Anagrams

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Bikol Central

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Etymology

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Compare kaka and ka.

Prefix

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ka-

  1. Forms a noun that denotes partnership or companionship; co-
    ka- + ‎kawat (play) → ‎kakawat (playmate)
    ka- + ‎iwal (fight) → ‎kaiwal (enemy)

Derived terms

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Cebuano

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Compare Tagalog ka-.

Prefix

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ka- (Badlit spelling )

  1. (added to adjectives) denotes a state of being; -ness
    Synonyms: pagka-, ka- -an
    ka- + ‎linaw (calm) → ‎kalinaw (calmness)
    ka- + ‎bugnaw (cold) → ‎kabugnaw (coldness)
  2. (added to an adjective) used in exclamations; how...
    Synonyms: -a, ka- -a
    ka- + ‎init (hot) → ‎kainit! (how hot!)
  3. (added to nouns or verbs) denotes partnership or companionship; co-
    Synonym: isigka-
    ka- + ‎klase (class) → ‎kaklase (classmate)
    ka- + ‎away (to fight) → ‎kaaway (enemy)
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Prefix

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ka- (Badlit spelling )

  1. Short for maka-.

Japanese

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Romanization

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ka-

  1. Rōmaji transcription of

Javanese

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Romanization

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ka-

  1. Romanization of ꦏ-

Kangean

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Pronunciation

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Prefix

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ka- (verb base)

  1. accidental aspect of the passive intransitive verb
    ka- + ‎gibe (bring) → ‎kagibe ((accidentally) taken along)

Kimbundu

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Etymology

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From Proto-Bantu *kà-.

Prefix

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ka- (plural tu-)

  1. noun class prefix, used with a diminutive meaning

Derived terms

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Minangkabau

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Prefix

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ka-

  1. Used to form ordinal numbers

Mohawk

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Prefix

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ka-

  1. third person feminine/neuter agent pronominal prefix

Alternative forms

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- Initial consonant
Environment t/s/h/k n/r/w/’ a e/en o/on i y
Word-Initial ka- ka- w- w- i- ken- ka-

Prefix

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ka-

  1. noun prefix

References

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  • Gunther Michelson (1973) A thousand words of Mohawk, University of Ottawa Press, page 9
  • Nora Deering, Helga H. Delisle (1976) Mohawk: A teaching grammar (preliminary version), Quebec: Manitou College, page 173

Mokilese

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Prefix

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ka-

  1. Used to form causative verbs
Usage notes
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This prefix sometimes takes the forms koa-, ke- and ko-.

Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Prefix

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ka-

  1. Used to form ordinal numbers

Northern Ndebele

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

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ka-

  1. he, she, it; class 1 subject concord; form of u- used when another prefix precedes.

Old High German

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Prefix

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ka-

  1. (Bavaria) Alternative form of gi-

Old Javanese

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ka-.

Pronunciation

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Prefix

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ka-

  1. passive verb-forming prefix

Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • Javanese: k-, ꦏ- (ka-), ꦏꦼ- (ke-)

Phuthi

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

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ka-

  1. -ly; forms adverbs of manner from adjectives and relatives.

Derived terms

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South Efate

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Etymology

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Probably related to South Efate go

Pronunciation

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Prefix

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ka-

  1. and (forms dependent verbs)

Southern Ndebele

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

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ka-

  1. he, she, it; class 1 subject concord; form of u- used when another prefix precedes.

Sundanese

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Etymology 1

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From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ka-.

Prefix

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ka- (Sundanese script ᮊ-)

  1. verb-forming prefix
    1. accidental aspect of the passive transitive verb
      ka- + ‎tijek (to step on) → ‎katijek ((accidentally) stepped on)
      ka- + ‎bedil (gun) → ‎kabedil ((accidentally) shot)
    2. perfective aspect of the passive transitive verb
      ka- + ‎déngé (to hear) → ‎kadéngé (to be heard)
      ka- + ‎baca (to read) → ‎kabaca (to be read)
    3. implies that the action can be done
      ka- + ‎harti (meaning) → ‎kaharti ((can be) understood)
  2. noun-forming prefix
    1. abstract noun-forming prefix
      ka- + ‎rugi (loss) → ‎karugi (loss)
      ka- + ‎hayang (to want) → ‎kahayang (desire, want)
Usage notes
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  • Not all roots can be prefixed with ka- only. Some verbs, due to semantic reasons, must feature the suffix -an.[1] For example:
    ka- + ‎merdika (free, independent) + ‎-an → ‎kamerdikaan (independence)
    ka- + ‎kalangkang (shadow) + ‎-an → ‎kakalangkangan (to become overshadowed)

Etymology 2

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From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ika-, from Proto-Austronesian *Sika-. Compare Malay ke-, Tagalog ika-

Prefix

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ka-

  1. numeral-forming prefix
    1. ordinal number forming prefix; -th
      ka- + ‎hiji (one) → ‎kahiji (first)
      ka- + ‎sapuluh (ten) → ‎kasapuluh (tenth)

References

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  1. ^ Prof. Dr. T. Fatimah Djajasudarma (2013) Fonologi dan Gramatika Sunda [Sundanese Phonology and Grammar] (in Indonesian), Bandung: PT Refika Aditama, →ISBN

Further reading

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Swahili

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Pronunciation

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  • Audio (Kenya):(file)

Etymology 1

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Prefix

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ka-

  1. third-person singular animate (m class(I)) recent-past perfective marker
    Near-synonyms: ali-, ame-
    • 2013, “Rais Obama kaondoka, tusirudie maisha ya aibu”, in Mwananchi[1]:
      Rais Obama kaondoka, tusirudie maisha ya aibu
      President Obama has left, let us not return to a life of shame
See also
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Swahili TAM markers
Initial
Positive infinitive ku-/kw-1
Negative infinitive kuto-
Habitual hu-1
Telegrammic ka-1
Final
General (positive indicative) -a
Positive subjunctive -e
Negative present -i
Second person plural -ni
Infix position
positive subject concord
Positive past -li-
Positive present -na-
Positive future -ta-
Negative subjunctive -si-1
Positive present conditional -nge-
Negative present conditional -singe-
Positive past conditional -ngali-
Negative past conditional -singali-
Gnomic -a-1
Perfect -me-
"Already" past -lisha-
"Already" present -mesha-/-sha-
"If/When" -ki-1
"If not" -sipo-
Consecutive -ka-1
Infix position
negative subject concord
Negative past -ku-1
Negative future -ta-
"Not yet" -ja-1
Negative present conditional -nge-
Negative past conditional -ngali-
Relative
Past -li-
Present -na-
Future -taka-
Negative -si-
1 Can take stress and therefore does not require -ku-/-kw- in monosyllabic verbs.

Etymology 2

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Ultimately from Proto-Bantu *kà-.

Prefix

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ka-

  1. (colloquial or dialect, nonstandard) noun class 12 prefix, used with a diminutive or depreciative meaning

Swazi

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Etymology 1

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

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ka-

  1. -ly; forms adverbs of manner from adjectives and relatives.
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

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ka-

  1. he, she, it; class 1 subject concord; form of u- used when another prefix precedes.

Tagalog

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

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ka- (Baybayin spelling )

  1. implies companionship or partnership when prefixed to a root
    ka- + ‎sama (to accompany) → ‎kasama (partner)
    ka- + ‎opisina (office) → ‎kaopisina (coworker)
  2. implies similarity or interaction when prefixed to a root noun
    ka- + ‎mukha (face) → ‎kamukha (someone/something similar; look-alike)
    ka- + ‎away (fight) → ‎kaaway (enemy)
  3. implies repeated action when prefixed to a root that repeats the first syllable
    ka- + ‎sigaw (shout) → ‎kasisigaw (repeatedly shouting)
    ka- + ‎isip (mind, thought) → ‎kaiisip (thinking a lot)
  4. implies causing or producing something in an extreme degree when prefixed to a root that repeats the first two syllables
    ka- + ‎galang (respect) → ‎kagalang-galang (inspiring great respect)
    ka- + ‎paniwala (belief) → ‎kapani-paniwala (very plausible)
  5. implies recent action when prefixed to a root that repeats the first syllable and followed by lang or lamang
    ka- + ‎punta (going) → ‎kapupunta (recently went)
    ka- + ‎luto (cooking, cuisine) → ‎kaluluto (recently cooked)

Derived terms

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See also

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Tooro

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Alternative forms

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  • (before /e/) ke-
  • (before /o/) ko-

Etymology

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From Proto-Bantu *ká-.

Pronunciation

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Prefix

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ka-

  1. class 12 pronominal concord
    ka- + ‎-nu (this, these) → ‎kanu (this (class 12))
  2. they; class 12 subject concord
    ka- + ‎-kora (to do) → ‎kakora (it (class 12) does)
  3. positive imperative form of -ka- (it; class 12 object concord)
    ka- + ‎-ha (to give) → ‎kaha (give it (class 12))

See also

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References

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  • Kaji, Shigeki (2007) A Rutooro Vocabulary[2], Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), →ISBN, page 414

Xhosa

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Etymology 1

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

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ka-

  1. -ly; forms adverbs of manner from adjectives and relatives.
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

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ka-

  1. he, she, it; class 1 subject concord; form of u- used when another prefix precedes.

Zulu

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Etymology 1

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

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ka-

  1. -ly; forms adverbs of manner from adjectives and relatives.
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

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ká-

  1. he, she, it; class 1 subject concord; form of u- used when another prefix precedes.

Etymology 3

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

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ka-

  1. Alternative form of ma- (hortative)

References

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