-e

See also Appendix:Variations of "e"

Dutch

Etymology 1

From various suffixes of the Middle Dutch adjective inflection.

Suffix

-e

1. Used to create the inflected form of an adjective, which is used after a definite determiner, or before masculine and feminine nouns in general.

Etymology 2

From Middle Dutch -e, from Old Dutch -i, from Proto-Germanic *-į̄.

Suffix

-e f

1. (archaic) Used to form abstract nouns from adjectives; the nouns express the quality of the adjective.

   koud (“cold”) > koude (“the cold”)

Synonyms

• (abstract noun): -te, -heid

Etymology 3

From Middle Dutch -e, the ending of the first and third person singular subjunctive.

Suffix

-e

1. (archaic) Used to form the singular subjunctive of a verb.

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Esperanto

Etymology

• Latin and Italian adverbial -e (as in bene "well"); perhaps reinforced by the Russian adverbial -e found after a palatalized consonant.
• Perhaps from the above; perhaps also Russian где "where"

Suffix

-e

1. -ly; used to form adverbs.

   bona ("good") + -e ("-ly"): bone ("well")

   unu ("one") + -e ("-ly"): unue ("firstly")

2. -e is the ending for correlatives of place

Derived terms

• kie: where?, where
• tie: there
• ĉie: everywhere
• ie: somewhere
• nenie: nowhere

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Finnish

Pronunciation

• IPA: /-eˣ/

Suffix

-e

1. Used for forming nouns from verbs or adjectives.

   ottaa "to take (hold of)" -> ote "grip"

   paha "bad, evil" -> pahe "vice"

   ääntää "to pronounce, enunciate" -> äänne "sound (in phonetics)"

Declension

Declension of -e (type hame) singular plural nominative -e -eet genitive -een -eiden -eitten partitive -etta -eita accusative -e -een -eet inessive -eessa -eissa elative -eesta -eista illative -eeseen -eisiin -eihin adessive -eella -eilla ablative -eelta -eilta allative -eelle -eille essive -eena -eina translative -eeksi -eiksi instructive – -ein abessive -eetta -eitta comitative – -eineen

Declension of -e (type hame) singular plural nominative -e -eet genitive -een -eiden -eitten partitive -että -eitä accusative -e -een -eet inessive -eessä -eissä elative -eestä -eistä illative -eeseen -eisiin -eihin adessive -eellä -eillä ablative -eeltä -eiltä allative -eelle -eille essive -eenä -einä translative -eeksi -eiksi instructive – -ein abessive -eettä -eittä comitative – -eineen

Derived terms

[+] Finnish words suffixed with -e

See also

• -ke
• -ine
• -nne
• -re

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French

Suffix

-e f

1. Used to form the feminine of adjectives.

   fort + -e: forte

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German

Suffix

-e

1. used to form nouns from adjectives; the nouns express the quality of the adjective

   stark (“strong”) > Stärke (“strength”)

2. used to form the plural of some nouns, sometimes with umlaut of the root vowel

   Laut (“sound”) > Laute (“sounds”)

   Baum (“tree”) > Bäume (“trees”)

3. used to form the dative of masculine and neuter nouns ending in a stressed syllable (dated except in certain fixed phrases)

   das Haus (“house”) > dem Hause / dem Haus

4. used to form the 1st person singular present indicative and subjunctive of a verb

   gehen (geh + en) > ich gehe (geh + e) / ich geh

5. used to form the 3rd person singular present subjunctive of a verb

   gehen > er gehe

6. used to form the 1st and 3rd person singular past subjunctive of a verb

   gehen > ich ginge, er ginge (ging + e)

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Hungarian

Pronunciation

• IPA: /ɛ/

Etymology 1

From e (“this”)

Alternative forms

• -é (rare)

Suffix

-e

1. whether, if

   Nem tudom, voltál-e már Budapesten. - I don't know if you've ever been in Budapest.

2. Suffix for tag (yes/no) questions.

   1857, János Arany, A walesi bárdok (The Bards of Wales)

   Van-e ott folyó és földje jó? / Is there a river and is its land good?

   Legelőin fű kövér / Are the grasses rich on its meadows?

   Használt-e a megöntözés: / Was the watering useful (i.e. to the meadows):

   A pártos honfivér? / The rebel's blood?

Usage notes

Always written with a hyphen. Used in tag (yes/no) questions, but not all such questions use -e: in most cases a question is indicated only by emphasis and question mark. Always attached to the main word (usually the verb) of the predicate of the phrase.

Etymology 2

Suffix

-e

1. his, her, its (third-person singular possessive suffix denoting singular possession)

   élet (“life”) → az élete (“his/her/its life”)

Usage notes

• (possessive suffix): Member of the following suffix cluster:

  -a is added to back vowel words ending in a consonant

  -e is added to front vowel words ending in a consonant

  -ja is added to back vowel words ending in a consonant or a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-.

  -je is added to front vowel words ending in a consonant or a vowel. Final -e changes to -é-.

See also

• Category:Hungarian noun forms - possessive
• Appendix:Hungarian possessive suffixes

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Ido

Suffix

-e

1. -ly; used to form suffixes

Usage notes

Any adjective can be converted into an adverb by swapping the -a suffix by -e.

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Italian

Suffix

-e

1. Used with a stem to form the third-person present of regular -ere verbs and those -ire verbs that don't take "isco"

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Latin

Suffix

-ē positive (comparative -ius; superlative -issimē)

1. -ly; used to form adverbs from adjectives.

Usage notes

The suffix -e is usually added to a first/second-declension adjective stem to form an adverb of manner.

Examples:

clare (“famously, clearly”), from clarus (“famous, clear”)

pulchre (“beautifully”), from pulcher (“beautiful”)

Synonyms

• (-ly): -iter, -ter, -ō

See also

• Latin words suffixed with -e

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Latvian

Suffix

-e

1. Used to derive feminine nouns from masculine nouns (like English -ess).
2. Used to form (feminine) nouns from verb stems (e.g., iestādīt -> iestāde, skatīt -> skate).

Synonyms

• -a

Related terms

Femine suffixes that include -e:

• -niece
• -ene

Derived terms

[+] Latvian words suffixed with -e

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Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch -i, from Proto-Germanic *-į̄.

Suffix

-e

1. Used to form abstract nouns from adjectives, mostly those expressing physical properties.

Usage notes

This suffix originally triggered umlaut of the root vowel. This is seen in some words (kelde, from cout), but not in others (coude).

Synonyms

• -ede
• -heit

Derived terms

Category Middle Dutch words suffixed with -e not found

Descendants

• Dutch: -e

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Old English

Etymology

From West Germanic *-ā, from Proto-Germanic *-ê, which survives otherwise only in Gothic (and possibly Old Norse).

Suffix

-e

1. forming adverbs from adjectives; -ly

Derived terms

[+] Old English words suffixed with -e

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Romanian

Etymology 1

From Latin -ae (“first-declension ending”)

Suffix

-e

1. (plural) -s (feminine/neuter)

Usage notes

• This form of the plural is indefinite, and used for feminine nouns in the nominative/accusative and genitive/dative cases which end in -ă, and some neuter nouns (with may or may not take plural -uri):
• mame, from mamă, fem.
• vise (also visuri), from vis, neut.

Alternative forms

• -le

Etymology 2

Possibly from Latin -e (“second-declension vocative ending”)

Suffix

-e

1. Vocative singular (masculine/neuter)

Oh!

Usage notes

• This suffixed used with masculine and neuter definite nouns in -l and -ul:

bărbatule!, from bărbatul, masc.

tatăle!, from tatăl, masc.

visule!, from visul, neut.

• This suffix is absorbed in masculine and neuter definite nouns in -le:

fratele!, from fratele, masc.

numele!, from numele, neut.

Related terms

• -o

Etymology 3

From Latin -ere, the ending of the present active infinitive form of third conjugation verbs. Cognate with Spanish -er, Italian -ere, etc.

Suffix

-e

1. A suffix forming infinitives of many verbs.

Related terms

• ‎-ea‎
• ‎-î‎
• ‎-a‎
• ‎-i‎

See also

• -re

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Serbo-Croatian

Suffix

-e (Cyrillic spelling -е)

1. Suffix appended to words to create a neuter noun, usually denoting a young animal, plant, place name or is used as a collective noun.
2. Suffix appended to words to create a masculine or neuter noun, denoting persons (mainly proper nouns) and having various other meanings.

See also

• -je

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Swedish

Suffix

-e

1. Conjugates verbs into the subjunctive mood (archaic except for the past subjunctive of vara: vore)
2. Marker of definiteness on past participles ending in -ad
3. Marker of plural on past participles ending in -ad
4. Marker of definiteness on superlatives ending in -ast
5. Marker of definiteness on adjectives describing nouns with masculine semantic gender (sex)

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Turkish

Suffix

-e

1. to (It makes the word dative form)

Alternative forms

• -ye
• -a
• -ya