list

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English [edit]

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Pronunciation [edit]

Etymology 1 [edit]

From Old English līste "hem, edge, strip", from Proto-Germanic *līstōn. Cognate with Dutch lijst, German Leiste, Icelandic lista/listi.

The Middle English liste (“border, edging, stripe”) gives rise to the sense of "catalogue of names" by ca. 1600. The Middle English term does not continue the Old English directly, but is rather loaned from Old French liste or Old Italian lista (both meaning "border, band; strip of paper"), which are themselves a loan of the Germanic word.

Noun [edit]

list (plural lists)

  1. A strip of fabric, especially from the edge of a piece of cloth.
  2. Material used for cloth selvage.
    • 1893, Arthur Conan Doyle, The Naval Treaty, Norton 2005, page 681:
      The charwomen are in the habit of taking off their boots at the commissionaire's office, and putting on list slippers.
  3. (in the plural) The palisades or barriers used to fence off a space for tilting or jousting tournaments.
    • 1663, Hudibras, by Samuel Butler, part 1, canto 2
      With truncheon tipp'd with iron head, \ The warrior to the lists he led;
    • 1819, Walter Scott, Ivanhoe:
      William de Wyvil, and Stephen de Martival, [...] armed at all points, rode up and down the lists to enforce and preserve good order among the spectators.
  4. A register or roll of paper consisting of an enumeration or compilation of a set of possible items. [1600]
  5. (computing, programming) A codified representation of a list, used to store data or in processing; especially, in the LISP programming language, a data structure consisting of a sequence of zero or more items.
Translations [edit]
strip of fabric
material used for cloth selvage
barriers used for tournaments
register or roll of paper
computing: codified representation of a list
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Help:How to check translations.
Translations to be checked
Synonyms [edit]
Derived terms [edit]
Terms derived from list (noun)

Verb [edit]

list (third-person singular simple present lists, present participle listing, simple past and past participle listed)

  1. To create or recite a list.
  2. To place in listings.
  3. (obsolete) To engage in public service by enrolling one's name; to enlist.
  4. (transitive) To enclose (a field, etc.) for combat.
Derived terms [edit]
Translations [edit]
to create or recite a list

Etymology 2 [edit]

From Middle English liste, from Old English list (“art, cleverness, cunning, experience, skill, craft”), from Proto-Germanic *listiz (“craft, art”), from Proto-Indo-European *leys-, *leyǝs- (“track, furrow, trace, trail”). Cognate with Scots list (“art, skill, craft, cunning”), Eastern Frisian list (“cunning, knowledge”), Dutch list (“ruse, strategem, guile, artifice, sleight”), Low German list (“wisdom, prudence, cunning, artifice”), German List (“cunning, ruse, trick, guile, ploy”), Swedish list (“cunning, art, trick, ruse, wile, guile, stealth”), Icelandic list (“art”). Related to lore, lere, learn.

Noun [edit]

list (uncountable)

  1. (archaic) Art; craft; cunning; skill.
    • 1877, James Clarke & Co, The literary world:
      In discussing the Syllabus and the last dogma of 1870, so much must be allowed for Italian list and cunning, or a word-fence. An Englishman, with his matter-of-fact way of putting things, is no match for these gentry.
    • 1893, Solomon Caesar, Original notes on the Book of Proverbs:
      "[...] The foxes had heard that the fowls were sick, and went to see them decked in peacock's feathers; said of men who speak friendly, but only with list or cunning within."
    • 1897, Lilian Winser, Lays and legends of the Weald of Kent:
      For when the guileful monster smiled Snakes left their holes and hissed, — And stroking soft his silken beard Raised creatures full of list.
    • 1991, Alexander L. Ringer, The Early romantic era:
      The general bass, in its fixed lines, is taken by surprise and overwhelmed by List ... (List = cunning); [...].
    • 1992, University of Reading. Graduate Centre for Medieval Studies, Reading medieval studies:
      The latter wins his fight not by list but through straightforward knightly prowess, [...]
    • 2000, Cordula Scholz, Georgios Makris, Peter Schreiner, Polypleuros nous:
      It is worth noting that, contrary to Alexios who according to his daughter did not scruple to use any tricks to achieve his goal, Manuel, as depicted by Kinnamos, preferred "to win by war rather than by list."
    • 2008, Jon B. Sherman, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, The magician in medieval German literature:
      One man can accomplish with list (magic), that which a thousand could not accomplish, regardless of how strong they were.

Etymology 3 [edit]

From listen

Verb [edit]

list (third-person singular simple present lists, present participle listing, simple past and past participle list)

  1. (intransitive, poetic) To listen.
  2. (transitive, poetic) To listen to.
    • Shakespeare
      Then weigh what loss your honour may sustain, / If with too credent ear you list his songs.
Translations [edit]
to listen

Etymology 4 [edit]

Possibly from tilting on lists in jousts.[1]

Noun [edit]

list (plural lists)

  1. (nautical) a tilting or careening manoeuvre, which causes the ship to roll. Usually used to describe tilting not under a ship's own power.
  2. (architecture) a tilt to a building.
Translations [edit]
nautical: tilting or careening manoeuvre

Verb [edit]

list (third-person singular simple present lists, present participle listing, simple past and past participle listed)

  1. (nautical) to carry out such a manoeuvre
Translations [edit]
to carry out such a manoeuvre

Etymology 5 [edit]

Old English lystan, from Proto-Germanic *lustijanan, from Proto-Germanic *lustuz (“pleasure”). Akin to Old Norse lysta (whence cognate with Danish and Norwegian lyste), Old High German lusten (German gelüsten and obsolete lüsten).

Verb [edit]

list (third-person singular simple present lists, present participle listing, simple past and past participle listed)

  1. (archaic, transitive) To be pleasing to.
  2. (archaic) To wish, like, desire (to do something).
    • 1610, The Tempest, by Shakespeare, act 3 scene 2
      If thou beest a man, show thyself in thy / likeness: if thou beest a devil, take't as thou list.
    • 1843, Thomas Carlyle, Past and Present, book 3, ch. VIII, Unworking Aristocracy
      Ye are as gods, that can create soil. Soil-creating gods there is no withstanding. They have the might to sell wheat at what price they list; and the right, to all lengths, and famine-lengths, — if they be pitiless infernal gods!
    • 1959, Leo Strauss, "What is Political Philosophy?", in What is Political Philosophy?, page 51
      License consists in doing what one lists; liberty consists in doing in the right manner the good only;
    • 2007, John Burrow, A History of Histories, Penguin 2009, p. 413:
      The spirit seemed to blow where it listed among a historically motley collection of Catholic theologians, Puritan zealots and American squires.
Derived terms [edit]
Translations [edit]
to be pleasing to
to wish, like, desire

Anagrams [edit]

Czech [edit]

Etymology [edit]

From Proto-Slavic *listъ (“leaf”).

Pronunciation [edit]

Noun [edit]

list m

  1. leaf (green and flat organ of vegetative plants)
  2. letter (written message)
  3. sheet (sheet of paper)
  4. newspaper
    Polský list Dziennik Gazeta Prawna nejdříve napsal, že polská hlava státu podepíše dokument ve středu. (iDNES)
  5. certificate (document containing a certified statement)
    rodný list -- birth certificate
    úmrtní list -- death certificate

Derived terms [edit]

Related terms

See also [edit]

Danish [edit]

Noun [edit]

list c (singular definite listen, not used in plural form)

  1. cunning, trick

Verb [edit]

list

  1. imperative of liste

Dutch [edit]

Etymology [edit]

From Middle Dutch list, from Old Dutch list, from Proto-Germanic *listiz.

Pronunciation [edit]

Noun [edit]

list f (plural listen, diminutive listje)

  1. a cunning plan

Anagrams [edit]

Faroese [edit]

Pronunciation [edit]

Noun [edit]

list f (genitive singular listar, plural listir)

  1. art

Declension [edit]

f2 Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative list listin listir listirnar
Accusative list listina listir listirnar
Dative list listini listum listunum
Genitive listar listarinnar lista listanna

Icelandic [edit]

Pronunciation [edit]

Noun [edit]

list f (genitive singular listar, plural listir)

  1. art

Declension [edit]

declension of list
f-s2 singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative list listin listir listirnar
accusative list listina listir listirnar
dative list listinni listum listunum
genitive listar listarinnar lista listanna

Derived terms [edit]

Anagrams [edit]

Lower Sorbian [edit]

Etymology [edit]

From Proto-Slavic *listъ (“leaf”).

Pronunciation [edit]

  • IPA: [lʲist]

Noun [edit]

list m (diminutive listk)

  1. leaf, foliage
  2. letter (a written message)

Declension [edit]

declension of list
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative list lista listy
Genitive lista listowu listow
Dative listoju listoma listam
Accusative list lista listy
Instrumental listom listoma listami
Locative lisće listoma listach

Old English [edit]

Etymology [edit]

From Proto-Germanic *listiz. Cognate with Old Saxon list, Dutch list, Old High German list (German List), Old Norse list (Swedish list).

Pronunciation [edit]

Noun [edit]

list f

  1. art; cunning, guile, craft

Declension [edit]

    Declension of list (strong ō-stem)
Singular Plural
nominative list lista, liste
accusative liste lista, liste
genitive liste lista
dative liste listum

Descendants [edit]

Polish [edit]

Etymology [edit]

From Proto-Slavic *listъ (“leaf”).

Pronunciation [edit]

Noun [edit]

list m

  1. letter (a written message)

Declension [edit]

    declension of list
singular plural
nominative list listy
genitive listu listów
dative listowi listom
accusative list listy
instrumental listem listami
locative liście listach
vocative liście listy

Derived terms [edit]

Serbo-Croatian [edit]

Etymology [edit]

From Proto-Slavic *listъ (“leaf”).

Noun [edit]

lȋst m (Cyrillic spelling ли̑ст)

  1. leaf
  2. (computing) leaf
  3. sole (fish)
  4. letter (written message)
  5. sheet of paper
  6. calf (leg part)
  7. a special purpose certificate, e.g. of birth, ownership etc.

Declension [edit]

    declension of list
singular plural
nominative lȋst lȉstovi
genitive lista lȉstōvā
dative listu listovima
accusative list listove
vocative listu listovi
locative listu listovima
instrumental listom listovima

Slovak [edit]

Etymology [edit]

From Proto-Slavic *listъ (“leaf”).

Noun [edit]

list m

  1. letter; a written message
  2. leaf; a part of a tree
  3. sheet; a piece of paper

Slovene [edit]

Etymology [edit]

From Proto-Slavic *listъ (“leaf”).

Noun [edit]

list m inan. (plural listi)

  1. piece of paper
  2. leaf
  3. sole
  4. (anatomy) calf (leg part)

Related terms [edit]

  • listje (leaves, collective noun)

Swedish [edit]

Pronunciation [edit]

Noun [edit]

list c

  1. smartness, trick, cunning
  2. a strip (of wood or metal, a thin and long board), a border, a beading
  3. (graphical user interface) a bar

Declension [edit]

Declension of list
singular plural
Common indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative list listen lister listerna
genitive lists listens listers listernas

Related terms [edit]

See also [edit]

References [edit]

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