-es

See also Appendix:Variations of "es"

English

Suffix

-es

1. Used to form the regular plural of nouns
   1. that end in "(t)ch" (only when pronounced as IPA: [tʃ]) — glitch → glitches
   2. that end in "(j)j" — hajj → hajjes
   3. that end in "(s)s" — bus → buses
   4. that end in "x" — box → boxes
   5. that end in "(z)z" — waltz → waltzes
   6. that end in "o" — tomato → tomatoes
   7. that end in "sh" — ash → ashes

Suffix

-es

1. Used to form the third person singular present of verbs
   1. that end in "(t)ch" (only when pronounced as IPA: [tʃ]) — impeach → impeaches
   2. that end in "(s)s" — miss → misses
   3. that end in "x" — tax → taxes
   4. that end in "(z)z" — fizz → fizzes
   5. that end in "o" — go → goes
   6. that end in "sh" — wish → wishes

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Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch -esse, borrowed from Northern Old French -esse, from Latin -issa (as in abbatissa).

Suffix

-es

1. Creates the female form of persons or occupations (zanger – zangeres), as English -ess

Derived terms

[+] Dutch words suffixed with -es

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Esperanto

Suffix

-es

1. belonging to. (Ending for genitive correlatives.)

Derived terms

• kies: belonging to whom, whose
• ties: belonging to that one, that one's
• ĉies: belonging to everyone, everyone's
• ies: belonging to someone, someone's
• nenies: belonging to nobody, nobody's
• (nonce) alies: belonging to someone else, someone else's

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German

Alternative forms

• -s

Suffix

-es

1. Used to form the genitive of many nouns.

See also

• -es-

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Hungarian

Pronunciation

• IPA: /ɛʃ/

Suffix

-es

1. Added to a noun to form an adjective meaning "having something, a quality".

   kert (“garden”) → kertes (“something with a garden, having a garden”)

2. Added to a noun to form an occupation or a collective noun.

   perec (“pretzel”) → pereces (“someone who sells pretzels”)

   meggy (“morello, sour cherry”) → meggyes (“cherry orchard”)

3. Added to an ordinal number to form a digit or figure.

   egy (“one”) → egyes (“the digit or figure 1”)

Usage notes

• Member of the following suffix cluster:

  -s is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.

  -os is added to some back vowel words ending in a consonant

  -as is added to other back vowel words ending in a consonant

  -es is added to unrounded front vowel words ending in a consonant

  -ös is added to rounded front vowel words ending in a consonant

See also

• Category:Hungarian adjectives suffixed with -es
• Category:Hungarian nouns suffixed with -es
• Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

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Latin

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA: /-eːs/

Suffix

-ēs f (genitive -is); third declension

1. used to form an abstract noun from a verb root or conceived root form

Usage notes

The suffix -ēs is added to a verb to create a third-declension feminine abstract noun.

Examples:

sēdēs (“seat”), from sedeō (“I sit”)

caedēs (“slaughter”), from caedō (“I kill, cut”)

Inflection

Number	Singular	Plural
nominative	-ēs	-ēs
genitive	-is	-ium
dative	-ī	-ibus
accusative	-em	-ēs 1
ablative	-e	-ibus
vocative	-ēs	-ēs

¹ May also be -īs.

Synonyms

• -or, -us

See also

• Category:Latin words suffixed with -ēs

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Old English

Suffix

-es

1. Possessive marker, indicating than an object belongs to the noun
2. Used in formation of adverbs, originally from the genitive of masc and neut nouns, but later added also to fem nouns by analogy

   dæges "days" (adv); nihtes "nights" (adv)

Descendants

• English: 's, -s

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Spanish

Suffix

-es

1. Suffix indicating the plural of nouns and adjectives ending in certain consonants (most often -l, -r, -n, -d, -z, -j, -s, -x, -ch, with some exceptions).
2. Suffix indicating the second-person singular present indicative of -er and -ir verbs.
3. Suffix indicating the second-person singular present subjunctive of -ar verbs

See also

• -s
• -as
• Rules for pluralizing nouns and adjectives in Spanish (Royal Academy's Diccionario de dudas, en español)

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Swedish

Suffix

-es

1. Suffix used for marking the passive voice of verbs. This variant is used for the present passive of those verbs of the second and fourth conjugations (weak and strong -er verbs respectively) that have stems ending in s. Other verbs normally take only -s. However, until the middle decades of the 20th century (approximately) it was rule to use -es with all -er verbs, which today is considered archaic. This use may occasionally appear in more modern texts (certain phrases). läsa (“to read”) → läses (“is read”), låsa (“to lock”) → låses (“is locked”)
2. -ese; making a nationality from the name of a country

Derived terms

[+] Swedish words suffixed with -es

See also

• -s

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Welsh

Pronunciation

• IPA: /ɛs/

Suffix

-es

1. Used to form nouns meaning the female equivalent of.

   athrawes, cadnawes

See also

• Category:Welsh words suffixed with -es