se

See also σε, and Appendix:Variations of "se"

Translingual

Abbreviation

se

1. (ISO country codes) Sweden

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Albanian

Pronunciation

• IPA: /sɛ/

Conjunction

se

1. that

   Më duket se ke nevojë për disa shokë të rinj.

   It seems to me that you need some new friends.

   Im vëlla më tha se don të bisedojë me ty rreth librit të ri.

   My brother told me that he wants to talk to you about the new book.

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Breton

Pronoun

se

1. that, this

   Petra eo se ? — What's that?

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Catalan

Etymology

From Latin sē.

Pronoun

se (enclitic, contracted 's, proclitic es, contracted proclitic s')

1. himself, herself, itself (direct or indirect object)
2. oneself (direct or indirect object)
3. themselves (direct or indirect object)
4. each other (direct or indirect object)

Declension

Catalan personal pronouns and clitics

	strong/subject	weak (direct object)		weak (indirect object)		possessive
singular		proclitic	enclitic	proclitic	enclitic
1st person	jo, mi2	em, m'	-me, 'm	em, m'	-me, 'm	meu
2nd person	tu	et, t'	-te, 't	et, t'	-te, 't	teu
2nd person formal4	vós	us	-vos, -us	us	-vos, -us	vostre
2nd person  very formal1	vostè	el, l'	-lo, 'l	li	-li	seu
3rd person masculine	ell	el, l'	-lo, 'l	li	-li	seu
3rd person feminine	ella	la, l'3	-la	li	-li	seu
3rd person neuter		ho	-ho	li	-li	seu
3rd person reflexive	si	es, s'	-se, 's	es, s'	-se, 's	seu
plural
1st person	nosaltres	ens	-nos, 'ns	ens	-nos, 'ns	nostre
2nd person	vosaltres	us	-vos, -us	us	-vos, -us	vostre
2nd person formal1	vostès	els	-los, 'ls	els	-los, 'ls	seu
3rd person masculine	ells	els	-los, 'ls	els	-los, 'ls	seu
3rd person feminine	elles	les	-les	els	-los, 'ls	seu
3rd person reflexive	si	es, s'	-se, 's	es, s'	-se, 's	seu
adverbial
ablative/genitive		en, n'	-ne, 'n
locative		hi	-hi
1) Behaves grammatically as third person. 2) Only as object of a preposition.			3) Not before unstressed (h)i-, (h)u-. 4) Behaves grammatically as second person plural.

Usage notes

The use of se and other direct personal pronouns can indicate the passive in Catalan.

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Czech

Pronunciation

• audio

  (file)

Pronoun

se (reflexive pronoun)

1. myself
2. yourself
3. himself
4. herself
5. itself
6. ourselves
7. yourselves
8. themselves
9. oneself

Declension

    declension of se

	singular	plural
nominative
genitive	sebe	—
dative	sobě, si	—
accusative	sebe, se	—
vocative		—
locative	sobě	—
instrumental	sebou	—

Synonyms

• sebe

Related terms

• si

Preposition

se (also s)

1. with

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Danish

Etymology

From Old Danish se (Old Norse sjá), from Proto-Germanic *sehwanan. See se (Swedish).

Pronunciation

• IPA: /seː/, [seːˀ]

Verb

se (imperative se, infinitive at se, present tense ser, past tense så, past participle har/er set)

1. see

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Esperanto

Conjunction

se

1. if

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Ewe

Pronunciation

• IPA: /sɛ/, SAMPA: /sE/

Noun

se (plural sewo)

1. law

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Finnish

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: se
• Rhymes: -e
• IPA: [se]

Pronoun

se (stem se-, also si-, and sii-, see below)

1. (demonstrative) it; (when the speaker does not point at the thing) that.
2. (colloquial and dialectal) he, she.
3. (colloquial) the (see the usage notes below).

Inflection

Irregular.

Declension of se noun case singular plural adverbial form singular plural nominative se ne superessive siellä – genitive sen niiden, niitten delative sieltä – partitive sitä niitä sublative sinne – accusative se, sen ne lative siis – inessive siinä niissä temporal silloin – elative siitä niistä causative siten – illative siihen niihin multiplicative – – adessive sillä niillä distributive – – ablative siltä niiltä temp. dist. – – allative sille niille prolative – – essive sinä niinä situative – – translative siksi niiksi oppositive – – instructive – (niin) abessive – (niittä) comitative – niine

Usage notes

• Due to the influence of Germanic languages, nowadays especially to that of English, se may often be used as some kind of definite article in colloquial Finnish – in standard Finnish that is ungrammatical because it is expressed with the word order whether something is definite or indefinite. (cf. usage of yksi)

• (standard) Mies tuli luokseni. -> (colloquial) Se mies tuli mun luokse.
  • The man came to me.
• (standard) Luokseni tuli mies. -> (colloquial) Yks mies tuli mun luokse.
  • A man came to me.

Derived terms

• se ja se
• se siitä
• sellainen
• sen koommin
• sen pituinen se

See also

• tämä
• tuo
• nämä
• nuo
• ne

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French

Etymology

From Latin sē.

Pronunciation

• audio

  (file)

• IPA: /sə/

Pronoun

se (pre-vocalic s')

1. The third-person reflexive and reciprocal direct and indirect object pronoun.
   1. (to) himself
   2. (to) herself
   3. (to) oneself
   4. (to) themself
   5. (to) themselves
   6. (to) each other

Usage notes

• Se becomes s’ before a vowel or unaspirated h, and sometimes, in nonstandard writing, in other cases where the e would be silent, e.g. in lyrics.
• Se is often used with an actual subject, but it is also very often used with an abstract subject:

  Il est normal de se parler. — “It is normal to talk to oneself.”

See also

• The other reflexive and reciprocal direct and indirect object pronouns: ‎me‎, ‎m'‎, ‎te‎, ‎t'‎, ‎nous‎, ‎vous‎.
• The third-person reflexive and reciprocal disjunctive pronoun: ‎soi‎.

Related terms

French personal pronouns

Number	Person	Gender	Nominative (subject)	Reflexive	Accusative (direct complement)	Dative (indirect complement)	Locative (at)	Genitive (of)	Disjunctive (tonic)
Singular	First	—	je, j'	me, m'			—	—	moi
	Second	—	tu, t'	te, t'			—	—	toi
	Third	Masculine	il	se, s'	le, l'	lui	y	en	lui
		Feminine	elle		la, l'				elle
		—	on		—	—	—	—	soi
Plural	First	—	nous	nous			—	—	nous
	Second	—	vous	vous			—	—	vous
	Third	Masculine	ils	se, s'	les	leur	y	en	eux
		Feminine	elles						elles

Derived terms

• s'en aller

Anagrams

• es ès

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Galician

Etymology

From Latin sē, ablative and accusative pronoun form.

Pronoun

se reflexive, sg. and pl.

1. himself, herself, itself (reflexive singular third-person personal pronoun)
2. themselves (reflexive plural third-person personal pronoun)

Usage notes

The form se is the reflexive pronoun only when used as a direct or indirect object. The prepositional object reflexive form is si.

Related terms

• si

See also

• Appendix:Galician pronouns
• consigo

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Haitian Creole

Etymology

From French c'est (“it is”)

Verb

se

1. to be
2. that is (compare French c'est)
3. it is (compare French c'est)

Usage notes

• Use ye at the end of a clause.
• This word does not appear when the predicate is an adjective or prepositional phrase, except when the preposition in the prepositional phrase is pou (“for”) or tankou (“like”).

References

• [1]

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Hungarian

Pronunciation

• IPA: /ˈʃɛ/

• Audio

  (file)

Conjunction

se

1. neither

Derived terms

• (Expressions): se füle, se farka

See also

• sem

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Ido

Conjunction

se

1. if

   La klerko komencus laborar se ilu povus. — The clerk would begin to work if he could.

   Se me povus, me komprus altra domo. — If I could, I would buy another house.

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Interlingua

Pronoun

se (third person)

1. Reflexive: oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves.

   Illa se videva in le speculo. — “She saw herself in the mirror.”

2. Reciprocal: each other, one another.

   Quando illes se cognosceva? — “When did they meet (each other)?”

3. Used for passive constructions with undetermined agent (translated by "one").

   De mi casa se vide le mar. — “From my house the sea is seen.” (Literally, “...the sea sees itself.”)

4. Hence, used for expressions of the type "to get/become ...-ed".

   espaventar — “to frighten”; espaventar se = "to get frightened" (lit., "to frighten oneself")

Usage notes

• (reflexive, reciprocal, oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves, each other, one another): Many verbs bear a reflexive pronoun by default. Se must be replaced by me, te, etc., according to the subject.

  infiltrar se — “to infiltrate”

  repentir se — “to repent”

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Italian

Pronunciation

• IPA: [se]

Etymology 1

From Late Latin se, from Latin si.

Conjunction

se

1. if

   Se non è vero, è ben trovato.

   If it is not true, it is a good story.

2. whether
3. if only

Derived terms

• se non
• se non che

Etymology 2

Pronoun

se

1. Variant of sé

Usage notes

• Used especially when combined with verbs or other pronouns.
• Becomes si when used as part of a reflexive verb.

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Japanese

Syllable

se

1. The hiragana syllable せ (se) or the katakana syllable セ (se) in Hepburn romanization.

Noun

se (hiragana せ)

1. せ: hiragana letter se
2. セ: katakana letter se

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Kurdish

Noun

se

1. dog

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Kven

Pronoun

se

1. (personal) he, she, it

Synonyms

• hän

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Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *se- (reflexive pronoun).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA: /seː/

• Audio (Classical)

  (file)

Pronoun

sē

1. the accusative of the reflexive pronoun meaning himself, herself, itself, themselves

   Sē amat.

   He loves himself.

   Necessario sē aperiunt.

   They were forced to open themselves.

   In mare se praecipitavit.

   He drowned himself in the sea.

2. the ablative of the reflexive pronoun meaning by himself, by herself, by itself, by themselves

Usage notes

• There is little distinction made between the accusative forms sē and sēsē as the two forms are being used indifferently except that sēsē is preferred where emphasis is intended (especially in reference to a preceding ipse, or at the beginning or the end of a clause).

Inflection

Number	Singular	Plural
nominative	—	—
genitive	suī	suī
dative	sibi	sibi
accusative	sē, sēsē	sē, sēsē
ablative	sē, sēsē	sē, sēsē
vocative	—	—

Derived terms

• inter sē
• per sē
• sēcum

Descendants

Catalan: se French: se Italian: sé

Portuguese: se Romanian: se, sine Spanish: se

See also

Latin personal pronouns

Number	Person	Gender	Nominative	Genitive	Dative	Accusative	Ablative	Possessive
Singular	First	—	ego	meī	mihi	mē		meus, -a, -um
	Second	—	tū	tuī	tibi	tē		tuus, -a, -um
	Reflexive Third	—	—	suī	sibi	sē, sēsē		suus, -a, -um
	Third	Masculine	is	eius	eī	eum	eō	eius
		Feminine	ea			eam	eā
		Neuter	id			id	eō
Plural	First	—	nōs	nostrī, nostrum	nōbīs	nōs	nōbīs	noster, -tra, -trum
	Second	—	vōs	vestrī, vestrum	vōbīs	vōs	vōbīs	vester, -tra, -trum
	Reflexive Third	—	—	suī	sibi	sē, sēsē		suus, -a, -um
	Third	Masculine	eī, iī	eōrum	eīs	eōs	eīs	eōrum
		Feminine	eae	eārum		eās		eārum
		Neuter	ea	eōrum		ea		eōrum

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Lojban

Cmavo

se (rafsi sel)

1. exchanges the x₁ and x₂ sumti of the following brivla

   mi se viska la djan. — “I am seen by John.”

2. indicates that the object of a preposition fills x2 of its corresponding brivla

   ti cukta se bau la oDET. — “This is a book in Odette's language.”

3. reverses the two clauses connected by a logical conjunction

   mi klama le zarci se.u le ckule — “I go to the school whether or not the store.”

See also

• te
• ve
• xe

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Low German

Alternative forms

• sei (Mecklenburgic-Western Pomeranian dialects)

Pronunciation

• IPA: /zɛɪ̯/

Pronoun

se

1. (personal) she
2. (personal) they

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Luxembourgish

Pronoun

se

1. unstressed form of si

Declension

Luxembourgish personal pronouns

	nominative		accusative		dative		reflexive
	str.	unstr.	str.	unstr.	str.	unstr.
1st person singular	ech	—	mech	—	mir	mer	mech
2nd person singular (informal)	du	de	dech	—	dir	der	dech
2nd person singular (formal)	Dir	—	Iech	—	Iech	—	Iech
3rd person singular (m)	hien	en	en	—	him	em	sech
3rd person singular (f)	si / hatt	se / et	si / hatt	se / et	hir / him	— / em	sech
3rd person singular (n)	et	't	et	't	him	em	sech
1st person plural	mir	mer	eis / ons	—	eis / ons	—	eis / ons
2nd person plural	dir	der	iech	—	iech	—	iech
3rd person plural	si	—	si	—	hinnen	–	sech

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Mandarin

Romanization

se

1. Nonstandard spelling of sè.

Usage notes

English transcriptions of Chinese speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Chinese language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.

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Middle English

Adverb

se

1. so

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Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Old Danish se (Old Norse sjá), from Proto-Germanic *sehwanan. See se (Swedish).

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

Verb

se

1. To see (perceive with eyes).

Conjugation

    Conjugation of se in Bokmål

Infinitive active	se
Infinitive passive	ses/sees
Present active	ser
Present passive	ses
Past	så
Present participle	seende
Past participle	sett
Imperative	se

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Old English

Etymology

Representing the Indo-European demonstrative pronoun *soi, *so, adapted in West Germanic as a definite article by analogy with the t- stem forms (Old English þæt). Cognate with Old Saxon sē, Old Norse sá, Gothic 𐍃𐌰, Greek ὁ. See also feminine forms under sēo.

Pronunciation

• IPA: /se/

Article

se m. (definite)

1. the

   Se mona.

   The moon.

Adjective

se (demonstrative)

1. that, those

   Þone ræd gerædde Widsið.

   Widsith gave that advice.

Pronoun

se m. (demonstrative pronoun)

1. he, it, that

   Þa ne sacað.

   They do not quarrel.”

Usage notes

• (he, it, that): se is normally read as sē when used pronominally.

Declension

	Singular			Plural
	m	n	f
nominative	sē	þæt	sēo	þā
accusative	þone	þæt	þā	þā
genitive	þæs	þæs	þǣre	þāra, þǣra
dative	þǣm, þām	þǣm, þām	þǣre	þǣm, þām
instrumental	þȳ, þī, þon

See also

• Feminine: sēo
• Neuter: þæt

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Old French

Etymology 1

From Latin sē (“himself, herself, itself”), accusative of reflexive pronoun.

Pronoun

se m. and f. inv.

1. oneself

Descendants

• French: se

Etymology 2

Latin si

Conjunction

se

1. if

Descendants

• French: si

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Old Frisian

Pronoun

se

1. she
2. they

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Old Irish

Determiner

se

1. Alternative spelling of so.

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Portuguese

Etymology

From Latin sē.

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: se

Pronunciation

• (Portugal) IPA: /sə/
• (Brazil) IPA: /si/

Pronoun

se (third person, including ‘você’ and ‘vocês’)

1. Reflexive and reciprocal: oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves, yourself; each other, one another.

   Ela se viu no espelho. — “She saw herself in the mirror.”

   E você se diz um professor! — “And you call yourself a teacher!”

   Quando eles se conheceram? — “When did they meet (each other)?”

2. Used for passive constructions with transitive verbs and undetermined agent (usually translated with one).

   Da minha casa se vê o mar. — “From my house the sea is seen.” (Literally, “...the sea sees itself.”)

3. Hence, used for expressions of the type "to get/become ...-ed".

   espantar = "to frighten"; espantar-se = "to get frightened" (lit. "to frighten oneself")

4. It also developed to a form of undetermined subject for intransitive verbs (usually translated with "one").

   Vive-se bem em Belém. — “One lives well in Belém.” (Literally, *“∅ lives oneself well in Belém.”)

Usage notes

• (Reflexive, reciprocal, oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves, yourself; each other, one another): Many verbs bear a reflexive pronoun by default; they are called pronominal verbs. Se must be replaced by me, te, etc. according to the subject.

  comunicar-se (com) — “to communicate (with)”

  arrepender-se — “to repent”.

See also

Portuguese personal pronouns (edit)
Number	Person	Subject (nominative case)	Objective (accusative case)	Prepositional (dative case)	com + indirect object (comitative case)
Singular	First	eu	me	mim	comigo
	Second	tu, você, o senhor, a senhora	te, você, o senhor, a senhora	ti, você, o senhor, a senhora	contigo
	Third	ele, ela	lhe, o, a, se	ele, ela, si	consigo
Plural	First	nós	nos	nós	conosco
	Second	vós, vocês, os senhores, as senhoras	vos, vocês, os senhores, as senhoras	vós, vocês, os senhores, as senhoras	convosco
	Third	eles, elas	lhes, os, as, se	eles, elas, si	com eles, com elas, consigo

Conjunction

se

1. if
   • 2007, J. K. Rowling, Lya Wyler, Harry Potter e as Relíquias da Morte, Rocco, page 317:

     Desculpe, acho que dá mais medo se for meia-noite!

     I'm sorry, I thought it would be more fearsome if it were midnight!

See also

• se ... ou

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Romanian

Etymology

From Latin sē.

Pronoun

se

1. (reflexive pronoun) oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves

Related terms

• sine

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Serbo-Croatian

Pronunciation

• IPA: /se/

Pronoun

se (Cyrillic spelling се)

1. oneself (clitic form of reflexive pronoun)
   1. myself
   2. yourself
   3. himself
   4. herself
   5. itself
   6. ourselves
   7. yourselves
   8. themselves

Declension

    declension of se

	singular	plural
nominative	-	-
genitive	sȅbe, se	sȅbe
dative	sȅbi, si	sȅbi
accusative	sȅbe, se	sȅbe
vocative	-	-
locative	sȅbi	sȅbi
instrumental	sȍbōm	sȍbom

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Slovene

Pronoun

se (reflexive pronoun)

1. myself
2. yourself
3. himself
4. herself
5. itself
6. ourselves
7. yourselves
8. themselves
9. oneself

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Spanish

Etymology

From Latin sē.

Pronoun

se (third person, including ‘usted’ and ‘ustedes’)

1. Third person (also used for usted and ustedes) reflexive direct or indirect object; oneself, himself, herself, itself, yourself; each other; one another
2. Used to form the passive voice in the third person (also used for usted and ustedes).

   ¿Cómo se llama? — “What is your name?” (Literally, “How are you called?”)

3. Used to form impersonal sentences.

   Se dice que... — “It is said that...”

4. Used instead of indirect object pronouns le and les before the direct object pronouns lo, la, los, or las.

   El samaritano se las dio. — “The Samaritan gave them to him.”

Usage notes

• (third person (and used for ‘usted’ and ‘ustedes’) reflexive): Se is used as a suffix with verbs in the infinitive and imperative.
• (passive voice): Se often conveys the passive voice without any literally reflexive connotation:

  Aquí se habla español — Spanish is spoken here or They speak Spanish here.

See also

• sé
• Appendix:Spanish pronouns

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Swedish

Etymology

From Old Swedish sē, sēa, sia, from Old Norse séa, sjá, from Proto-Germanic *sehwanan. Cognate with Danish se, Norwegian Nynorsk sjå and Icelandic sjá, English see, German sehen and Dutch zien.

Pronunciation

• IPA: /seː/

• audio

  (file)

Verb

se

1. to see; use one's sight
   • 1888, August Strindberg, Fröken Julie

     Tvärtom, fröken Julie, som ni ser har jag skyndat uppsöka min övergivna!

     Quite the opposite, miss Julie, as you can see I have rushed to find my abandonned one!

   • 1915, John Wahlborg, Stjärnbanér i blågult

     Vad jag sett och hört och känt har helt enkelt överväldigat mig.

     What I have seen and heard and felt has quite simply overwhelmed me.

2. to see; to understand

   Jag ser inte hur det skulle kunna vara möjligt.

   I don't see how that could be possible.

3. to see; to form a mental picture of

Conjugation

Conjugation of se

	Active	Passive
Infinitive	se	ses
Present tense	ser	ses
Past tense	såg	sågs
Supine	sett	setts
Imperative	se	—
Present participle	seende
Past participle	sedd

Hypernyms

• förnimma

Related terms

• höra
• lukta
• smaka
• känna

Derived terms

• avse
• bortse
• inse
• se efter
• se på
• tillse

Synonyms

use one's sight

• titta
• kolla
• stirra

understand

• förstå
• fatta
• begripa

See also

• syn
• sikt

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Tarantino

Pronoun

se (impersonal, reflexive)

1. it
2. one

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Tocharian A

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *suHyús. Cognate with Tocharian B soy, Old Armenian ուստր (ustr) and Ancient Greek υἱύς (huiús).

Noun

se m.

1. son

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Turkish

Noun

se

1. The name of the Latin script letter S/s.

See also

• (Latin script letter names) harf; a, be, ce, çe, de, e, fe, ge, yumuşak ge, he, ı, i, je, ke, le, me, ne, o, ö, pe, re, se, şe, te, u, ü, ve, ye, ze ^{(Category: tr:Latin letter names) [edit]}

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Tuvaluan

Article

se (indefinite article)

1. a, an

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Volapük

Preposition

se

1. out of

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West Frisian

Pronoun

se

1. she
2. they

Synonyms

• hja
• sy