in

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See also inn, INN, IN, ín, In, and Appendix:Variations of "in"

Contents

English [edit]

in
A cat in a box.
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Pronunciation [edit]

Etymology 1 [edit]

From Middle English, from Old English in, from Proto-Germanic *in (whence German in, Dutch in, Danish i), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *en, whence also ultimately Latin in, Irish i, Welsh yn, Ancient Greek ἐν (en) (modern Greek εν), Old Armenian ի (i), Old Church Slavonic vŭ(n)-, Russian в, Old Prussian en, Lithuanian į.

Preposition [edit]

in

  1. Contained by.
    The dog is in the kennel.
  2. Surrounded by.
    We are in the enemy camp.
    Her plane is in the air.
  3. Part of; a member of.
    One in a million.
  4. Pertaining to (that particular thing).
    He has passed in English.
  5. Immediately after a period of time.
    They said they would call us in a week.
  6. Within a certain time constraint
    Are you able to finish this in three hours?
    The massacre resulted in over 1000 deaths in three hours.
  7. By virtue of; by means of
    In replacing the faucet washers, he felt he was making his contribution to the environment.
    • 1898, J. Meade Falkner, Moonfleet Chapter 4
      In returning to the vault, I had no very sure purpose in mind; only a vague surmise that this finding of Blackbeard's coffin would somehow lead to the finding of his treasure.
  8. Indicating an order or arrangement.
    My fat rolls around in folds.
  9. Into.
    Less water gets in your boots this way.
    • 2011 January 8, Paul Fletcher, “Stevenage 3 - 1 Newcastle”, BBC:
      The ball was accidentally kicked in Kevin Nolan's face in the opening seconds of the contest - an incident that set the tone for an extremely uncomfortable encounter for the Premier League side.
  10. During (said of periods of time)
    in the first week of December
    Easter falls in the fourth lunar month
    The country reached a high level of prosperity in his first term.
  11. Denoting a state of the subject.
    He stalked away in anger.
    John is in a coma.
  12. Indicates a language, script, tone, etc. of a text, speech, etc.
    Beethoven's Symphony No. 5 in C minor is among his most popular.
    His speech was in French, but was simultaneously translated into eight languages.
  13. Indicates a language, script, tone, etc. of writing, speaking, etc.
    When you write in cursive, it's illegible.
    He spoke in French, but his speech was simultaneously translated into eight languages.
  14. Indicates, connotatively, a place-like form of someone's (or something's) personality, as his, her or its psychic and physical characteristics
    You've got a friend in me.
    He's met his match in her.
Related terms [edit]
terms related to in (preposition)
Translations [edit]
contained by
surrounded by
part, member of
pertaining to
after a period of time
by the virtue of
into
during
a state
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Help:How to check translations.
Translations to be checked

Verb [edit]

in (third-person singular simple present ins, present participle inning, simple past and past participle inned)

  1. (obsolete, transitive) To enclose; to take in; to harvest.
    • Shakespeare
      He that ears my land spares my team and gives me leave to in the crop.

Etymology 2 [edit]

Old English inne

Adverb [edit]

in (not comparable)

  1. (not comparable) Located indoors, especially: at home or the office .
    Is Mr. Smith in?
  2. Moving to the interior of a defined space, such as a building or room.
    Suddenly a strange man walked in.
  3. (sports) Still eligible to play, e.g. able to bat in cricket and baseball.
    He went for the wild toss but wasn't able to stay in.
  4. (UK) abbreviation of in aid of.
    What's that in?
  5. After the beginning of something.
    • 2011 October 1, Phil Dawkes, “Sunderland 2 - 2 West Brom”, BBC Sport:
      The Black Cats had a mountain to climb after James Morrison's header and Shane Long's neat side-foot finish gave Albion a 2-0 lead five minutes in.
Translations [edit]
indoors; at home or the office and available for conversation
moving to the interior
still able to play
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Help:How to check translations.
Translations to be checked

Noun [edit]

in (plural ins)

  1. A position of power or a way to get it.
    His parents got him an in with the company
  2. (in games) The state of a batter/batsman who is currently batting
Antonyms [edit]
Translations [edit]
position of power
state of batter

Adjective [edit]

in (comparative more in, superlative most in)

  1. In fashion; popular.
    Skirts are in this year.
Translations [edit]
in fashion, popular

Etymology 3 [edit]

Abbreviation of inch.

Noun [edit]

in (plural ins)

  1. Inch.

Statistics [edit]

References [edit]

  • Andrea Tyler and Vyvyan Evans, "Bounded landmarks", in The Semantics of English Prepositions: Spatial Scenes, Embodied Meaning and Cognition, Cambridge University Press, 2003, 0-521-81430 8

Anagrams [edit]

Baure [edit]

Noun [edit]

in

  1. water

Dutch [edit]

Etymology [edit]

From Old Dutch in, from Proto-Germanic *in, from Proto-Indo-European *en.

Pronunciation [edit]

Adverb [edit]

in

  1. in, inside
  2. (postpositional) into
    De jongen rende het huis in.
    The boy ran into the house.

Preposition [edit]

in

  1. in; expressing containment.
    De geest in de fles
    the genie in the bottle

Inflection [edit]

Pronominal adverbs of in
preposition in
postpositional adv. in
+ het (it) erin
+ dit (this) hierin
+ dat (that) daarin
+ wat (what) waarin
+ iets (something) ergens in
+ niets (nothing) nergens in
+ alles (everything) overal in

Synonyms [edit]

Antonyms [edit]

Derived terms [edit]

Verb [edit]

in

  1. first-person singular present indicative of innen
  2. imperative of innen

German [edit]

Pronunciation [edit]

Etymology 1 [edit]

From Old High German in, from Proto-Germanic *in, from Proto-Indo-European *en.

Preposition [edit]

in

  1. (in + dative) in; within; at; contained by
    Es ist im Haus. - "It is in the house."
  2. (in + dative) pertaining to
  3. (in + accusative) into
    Er geht ins Haus. - "He goes into the house."
Usage notes [edit]

The preposition in is used with accusative case if the verb shows movement from one place to another, whereas it is used with dative case if the verb shows location.

Derived terms [edit]

Etymology 2 [edit]

From English in.

Adjective [edit]

in (not comparable)

  1. in, popular

Gothic [edit]

Romanization [edit]

in

  1. See 𐌹𐌽

Interlingua [edit]

Preposition [edit]

in

  1. in

Irish [edit]

Preposition [edit]

in

  1. Alternative form of i.

Usage notes [edit]

This variant of i is used before vowel-initial words, before bhur (“your pl”), before dhá (“two”), before titles of books, films, and the like, and before foreign words that resist mutation.

Italian [edit]

Pronunciation [edit]

Preposition [edit]

in

  1. in
  2. to
    Vado nella panetteria
    Vado dal panettiere
  3. into
  4. by

Usage notes [edit]

When followed by a definite article, in is combined with the article to give the following combined forms:

In + article Combined form
in + il nel
in + lo nello
in + l' nell'
in + i nei
in + gli negli
in + la nella
in + le nelle

Anagrams [edit]

Japanese [edit]

Romanization [edit]

in

  1. See いん

Latin [edit]

Alternative forms [edit]

Etymology [edit]

Proto-Indo-European *én (“in”). Cognates include Ancient Greek ἐν (en), Old Prussian en and Old English in (English in).

Pronunciation [edit]

Preposition [edit]

in

  1. (governs the ablative) in, at, on (space)
  2. (governs the dative) within (time)
  3. (governs the accusative) into
    • 1772-1778 Historia Ecclesiastica Islandiæ by Finnur Jónsson, chapter one (Google books)
      De introductione religionis Christianæ in Islandiam.
      Of the introduction of Christianity to Iceland.
  4. (governs the accusative) about
  5. (governs the accusative) according to
  6. (governs the accusative) against

Inflection [edit]

Derived terms [edit]

Descendants [edit]

  • Aromanian: ãn
  • Catalan: en
  • French: en
  • Friulian: in
  • Italian: in
  • Occitan: en
  • Portuguese: em
  • Romanian: în
  • Romansch: en
  • Sicilian: n
  • Spanish: en

Quotations [edit]

Mapudungun [edit]

Etymology [edit]

EB1911 - Volume 01 - Page 001 - 1.svg This entry lacks etymological information. If you are familiar with the origin of this term, please add it to the page as described here.

Pronunciation [edit]

Phonetik.svg This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with IPA or SAMPA then please add some!

Verb [edit]

in (using Raguileo Alphabet)

  1. To eat.
  2. First-person singular realis mood form of in.

See also [edit]

References [edit]

  • Wixaleyiñ: Mapucezugun-wigkazugun pici hemvlcijka (Wixaleyiñ: Small Mapudungun-Spanish dictionary), Beretta, Marta; Cañumil, Dario; Cañumil, Tulio, 2008.

Middle Dutch [edit]

Etymology [edit]

From Old Dutch in, from Proto-Germanic *in.

Pronunciation [edit]

Preposition [edit]

in

  1. in, inside, within
  2. into
  3. within (a time period)
  4. in (a condition)

Descendants [edit]

  • Dutch: in

Min Nan [edit]

simpl. and trad.
亻因

Pronunciation [edit]

  • IPA: [ in˥˥ ]

Pronoun [edit]

in (POJ, traditional and simplified 亻因)

  1. they
  2. their
  3. them

Usage notes [edit]

  • 亻因 should actually be written as a single character, but it is not included in the list of displayable characters.

See also [edit]

External links [edit]

Old English [edit]

Etymology [edit]

From Proto-Germanic *in, whence also Old Saxon and Old High German in, Old Norse í. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *en.

Preposition [edit]

in

  1. in

Descendants [edit]

  • English: in

Old High German [edit]

Etymology [edit]

From Proto-Germanic *in, whence also Old English in, Old Norse í. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *en.

Preposition [edit]

in

  1. in

Descendants [edit]

  • German: in

Old Irish [edit]

Etymology 1 [edit]

From Proto-Celtic *sindo- (“this”) < Proto-Indo-European *sḗm (“one”) or Proto-Indo-European *só (“this”); weak doublet of sin (“this”).

Article [edit]

in

  1. the (masculine singular nominative/accusative; feminine singular accusative; masculine/feminine/neuter dual nominative/accusative/genitive)
    • circa 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, Wb. 13d7
      Beóigidir in spirut in corp in ḟect so.
      "The spirit now quickens the body."
  2. Alternative spelling of ind.
    • circa 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, Wb. 13d7
      Beóigidir in spirut in corp in ḟect so.
      "The spirit now quickens the body."
Usage notes [edit]
  • Triggers nasalization of the following noun in the masculine and feminine singular accusative.
  • Triggers lenition of the following noun as an alternative spelling of ind.
Declension [edit]
Case Singular Dual Plural
Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative in
int (before vowels)		 ind
int (before ṡ)		 a in dá in dí in dá ind inna
Accusative in inna
Genitive ind
int (before ṡ)		 inna ind
int (before ṡ)		 in dá
Dative dond; dont (before ṡ)
cossind; cossint (before ṡ)
etc.		 don dib
cossin dib
etc.		 donaib
cosnaib
etc.
Note: The dative is used only after a preposition, which forms a contraction with the definite article, e.g. dond "to the", cossind "with the", etc.
Synonyms [edit]
  • int (masculine singular nominative, used before a vowel)
Derived terms [edit]
Descendants [edit]
  • Irish: an
  • Scottish Gaelic: an
  • Manx: yn

Etymology 2 [edit]

Particle [edit]

in (triggers eclipsis)

  1. interrogative particle

Verb [edit]

in (triggers eclipsis)

  1. (interrogative) is...?
Related terms [edit]

Old Saxon [edit]

Etymology [edit]

From Proto-Germanic *in, whence also Old High German in, Old English in, Old Norse í. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *en.

Preposition [edit]

in

  1. in

Pennsylvania German [edit]

Preposition [edit]

in

  1. in

Romanian [edit]

Etymology [edit]

From Latin līnum (“flax”).

Noun [edit]

in n (plural inuri)

  1. flax

Declension [edit]

declension of in
singular plural
gender n indefinite articulation definite articulation indefinite articulation definite articulation
nominative/accusative un in inul niște inuri inurile
genitive/dative unui in inului unor inuri inurilor

Related terms [edit]

Romansch [edit]

Alternative forms [edit]

  • (Sutsilvan, Surmiran) egn
  • (Puter, Vallader) ün

Etymology [edit]

From Latin unus.

Article [edit]

in m (feminine ina)

  1. (cardinal, Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan) a, an

Number [edit]

in m (feminine ina)

  1. (cardinal, Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan) one

Slovene [edit]

Etymology [edit]

EB1911 - Volume 01 - Page 001 - 1.svg This entry lacks etymological information. If you are familiar with the origin of this term, please add it to the page as described here.

Pronunciation [edit]

Conjunction [edit]

in

  1. and

Swedish [edit]

Pronunciation [edit]

Adverb [edit]

in

  1. into, the direction "from out to in"

Antonyms [edit]

See also [edit]

Turkish [edit]

Noun [edit]

in (definite accusative ini, plural inler)

  1. cave

Declension [edit]

declension of in
singular (tekil) plural (çoğul)
nominative (yalın) in inler
definite accusative (belirtme) ini inleri
dative (yönelme) ine inlere
locative (bulunma) inde inlerde
ablative (çıkma) inden inlerden
genitive (tamlayan) inin inlerin
possessive forms of in
nominative singular plural
benim (my) inim inlerim
senin (your) inin inlerin
onun (his/her/its) ini inleri
bizim (our) inimiz inlerimiz
sizin (your) ininiz inleriniz
onların (their) inleri inleri
accusative singular plural
benim (my) inimi inlerimi
senin (your) inini inlerini
onun (his/her/its) inini inlerini
bizim (our) inimizi inlerimizi
sizin (your) ininizi inlerinizi
onların (their) inlerini inlerini
dative singular plural
benim (my) inime inlerime
senin (your) inine inlerine
onun (his/her/its) inine inlerine
bizim (our) inimize inlerimize
sizin (your) ininize inlerinize
onların (their) inlerine inlerine
locative singular plural
benim (my) inimde inlerimde
senin (your) ininde inlerinde
onun (his/her/its) ininde inlerinde
bizim (our) inimizde inlerimizde
sizin (your) ininizde inlerinizde
onların (their) inlerinde inlerinde
ablative singular plural
benim (my) inimden inlerimden
senin (your) ininden inlerinden
onun (his/her/its) ininden inlerinden
bizim (our) inimizden inlerimizden
sizin (your) ininizden inlerinizden
onların (their) inlerinden inlerinden
genitive singular plural
benim (my) inimin inlerimin
senin (your) ininin inlerinin
onun (his/her/its) ininin inlerinin
bizim (our) inimizin inlerimizin
sizin (your) ininizin inlerinizin
onların (their) inlerinin inlerinin

Verb [edit]

in

  1. Second-person imperative of inmek.

Vietnamese [edit]

Verb [edit]

in

  1. to print

Derived terms [edit]

Volapük [edit]

Preposition [edit]

in

  1. in

West Frisian [edit]

Etymology [edit]

Shortened from ien (one).

Article [edit]

in

  1. a, an
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